Cirsium horridulum

Cirsium horridulum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Cirsium
Species:
C. horridulum
Binomial name
Cirsium horridulum
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy
  • Carduus horridulus Pers.
  • Carduus pinetorum Small
  • Carduus spinosissimus Walter
  • Carduus vittatus Small, syn of var. vittatum
  • Cirsium chrismarii (Klatt) Petr.
  • Cirsium pinetorum (Small) Small 1913 not Greenm. 1905
  • Cirsium vittatum (Small) Small, syn of var. vittatum
  • Cnicus chrismarii Klatt
  • Cnicus horridulus (Michx.) Pursh
  • Cirsium megacanthum Nutt., syn of var. megacanthum
  • Carduus smallii (Britton) H.E.Ahles, syn of var. vittatum
  • Cirsium smallii Britton, syn of var. vittatum

Cirsium horridulum, called bristly thistle, purple thistle, or yellow thistle is a North American species of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae. It is an annual or biennial.[2] The species is native to the eastern and southern United States from New England to Florida, Texas, and Oklahoma as well as to Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Bahamas.[3][4][5][6][7]

Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859) described var. megacanthum as "one of the most terribly armed plants in the genus."[8][9]

Cirsium horridulum is a biennial herb up to 250 centimetres (100 in) tall, with a large taproot and fleshy side roots that sometimes sprout new shoots. Leaves are up to 40 centimetres (16 in) long with thick, sharp spines along the edges. There are usually several flower heads, also with sharp spines, Luma apiculata each head with disc florets but no ray florets. Flower color varies from one plant to the next: white, yellow, pink, red or purple.[10]

Varieties[1][10]
  1. ^ a b The Plant List, Cirsium horridulum Michx.
  2. ^ "Plants Profile for Cirsium horridulum (yellow thistle)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  3. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  4. ^ Davidse, G., M. Sousa-Peña, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera. 2015. Asteraceae. 5(2): ined. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez, S. Knapp & F. Chiang Cabrera (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F.
  5. ^ Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez Morillo. 2010. Flora Ilustrada de la Peninsula Yucatán: Listado Florístico 1–326
  6. ^ Nelson, C. H. 2008. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras 1–1576. Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa
  7. ^ Nash, D. L. 1976. Tribe IX, Cynareae. En: Nash, D.L. & Williams, L.O. (eds), Flora of Guatemala - Part XII. Fieldiana, Bot. 24(12): 423–428, 590
  8. ^ Nuttall quoted in Flora of North America, Bigspine thistle, Cirsium horridulum Michaux var. megacanthum (Nuttall) D. J. Keil
  9. ^ Nuttall, Thomas 1841. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series 7: 421 as Cirsium megacanthum
  10. ^ a b Flora of North America, Bristly or horrid or yellow or bull thistle, Cirsium horridulum Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 90. 1803.