Cleveland

This article is about the city in Ohio. For the metropolitan area, see Greater Cleveland. For other uses, see Cleveland (disambiguation).

Cleveland
City
Downtown Cleveland skyline
Cleveland script sign at Edgewater Park
Playhouse Square
Cleveland Museum of Art
Garfield Memorial
Severance Hall
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
West Side Market
Cleveland Arcade
Flag of Cleveland
Flag
Official seal of Cleveland
Seal
Nicknames: 
The Forest City[1]
(for more, see full list)
Motto: 
Progress & Prosperity[2]
Map
Interactive map of Cleveland
Cleveland is located in Ohio
Cleveland
Cleveland
Cleveland is located in the United States
Cleveland
Cleveland
Coordinates: 41°28′56″N 81°40′11″W / 41.48222°N 81.66972°W / 41.48222; -81.66972
CountryUnited States
StateOhio
CountyCuyahoga
FoundedJuly 22, 1796 (1796-07-22)
Incorporated (village)December 23, 1814 (1814-12-23)
Incorporated (city)March 5, 1836 (1836-03-05)[3]
Named forMoses Cleaveland
Government
 • TypeStrong mayor / Council
 • BodyCleveland City Council
 • MayorJustin Bibb (D)
Area
[4]
 • City82.48 sq mi (213.62 km2)
 • Land77.73 sq mi (201.33 km2)
 • Water4.75 sq mi (12.29 km2)
Elevation
[5]
653 ft (199 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City372,624
 • Estimate 
(2023)[6]
362,656
 • Rank54th in the United States
2nd in Ohio
 • Density4,793.52/sq mi (1,850.78/km2)
 • Urban
1,712,178 (US: 31st)
 • Urban density2,398.7/sq mi (926.1/km2)
 • Metro
[7]
2,185,825 (US: 33rd)
DemonymClevelander
GDP
[8]
 • Cleveland (MSA)$138.3 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
ZIP Codes[9]
Area code216
Websiteclevelandohio.gov

Cleveland[a] is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County.[10] Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–United States maritime border and lies approximately 60 mi (97 km) west of Pennsylvania. Cleveland is the most populous city on Lake Erie, the second-most populous city in Ohio, and the 54th-most populous city in the U.S. with a population of 372,624 in 2020.[11] The city anchors the Cleveland metropolitan area, the 33rd-largest in the U.S. at 2.18 million residents, as well as the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton combined statistical area with 3.63 million residents.[12][13]

Cleveland was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River as part of the Connecticut Western Reserve in modern-day Northeast Ohio by General Moses Cleaveland, after whom the city was named. Its location on the river and the lake shore allowed it to grow into a major commercial and industrial metropolis by the late 19th century, attracting large numbers of immigrants and migrants.[14] It was among the top 10 largest U.S. cities by population for much of the 20th century, a period that saw the development of the city's cultural institutions.[15] By the 1960s, Cleveland's economy began to slow down as manufacturing declined and suburbanization occurred.

Cleveland is a port city, connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Its economy relies on diverse sectors that include higher education, manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedicals.[16] The city serves as the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, as well as several major companies. The GDP for the Greater Cleveland MSA was $138.3 billion in 2022.[8] Combined with the Akron MSA, the eight-county Cleveland–Akron metropolitan economy was $176 billion in 2022, the largest in Ohio.[17]

Designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[18] Cleveland is home to several major cultural institutions, including the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, the Cleveland Orchestra, the Cleveland Public Library, Playhouse Square, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as well as Case Western Reserve University. Known as "The Forest City" among many other nicknames, Cleveland serves as the center of the Cleveland Metroparks nature reserve system.[1] The city's major league professional sports teams include the Cleveland Browns (football; NFL), the Cleveland Cavaliers (basketball; NBA), and the Cleveland Guardians (baseball; MLB).

  1. ^ a b "Forest City". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. June 5, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  2. ^ "Municipal Symbols". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. October 3, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  3. ^ Rose 1990, p. 145.
  4. ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
  5. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cleveland
  6. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Ohio: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  7. ^ "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 14, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Cleveland-Elyria, OH (MSA)". U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  9. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". USPS. Archived from the original on September 3, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  10. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  11. ^ "Cleveland". QuickFacts. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  12. ^ "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals and Components of Change: 2010–2019". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 26, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2020.
  13. ^ "Cleveland". The Center for Cleveland. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
  14. ^ "Immigration and Migration". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. February 25, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2022.
  15. ^ Gibson, Campbell (June 1998). "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  16. ^ Hammack, David C. (May 28, 2018). "Economy". The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western Reserve University. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  17. ^ "Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Akron, OH (MSA)". stlouisfed.org. US Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  18. ^ "The World According to GaWC 2020". Research Network. lboro.ac.uk. Globalization and World Cities. Retrieved August 31, 2020.


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