The climate of Nigeria is mostly tropical. Nigeria has three distinct climatic zones,[1][2] two seasons, and an average temperature ranging between 21 °C and 35 °C.[2] Two major elements determine the temperature in Nigeria: the altitude of the sun and the atmosphere's transparency (as determined by the dual interplay of rainfall and humidity).[2] Its rainfall is mediated by three distinct conditions including convectional, frontal, and orographical determinants.[2] Statistics from the World Bank Group showed Nigeria's annual temperature and rainfall variations, the nation's highest average annual mean temperature was 28.1 °C in 1938,[1] while its wettest year was 1957 with an annual mean rainfall of 1,441.45mm.[1]
The climate has a significant impact on the country's agriculture, economy, and society. The rainy season is the most important time for agriculture, as it is the time when most crops are planted and harvested.[3][4] The dry season is a time of drought, which can lead to water shortages and crop failures.[5] The high temperatures and humidity can also be uncomfortable and can lead to health problems.[6] Nigeria's climate is influenced by its geographical location, topography, and the interactions of various air masses.[7] Nigeria is situated in West Africa, between latitudes 4°N and 14°N, and longitudes 2°E and 14°E.[8] It experiences a tropical climate characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons.[9]