Closed-head injury

Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people.[1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild traumatic brain injury account for about 75% of the estimated 1.7 million brain injuries that occur annually in the United States.[3] Brain injuries such as closed-head injuries may result in lifelong physical, cognitive, or psychological impairment and, thus, are of utmost concern with regards to public health.[4]

  1. ^ Ibrahim, Nicole G.; Ralston, Jill; Smith, Colin; Margulies, Susan S. (2010). "Physiological and Pathological Responses to Head Rotations in Toddler Piglets". Journal of Neurotrauma. 27 (6): 1021–35. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1212. PMC 2943503. PMID 20560753.
  2. ^ Cossa, F.M.; Fabiani, M. (1999). "Attention in closed head injury: a critical review". The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences. 20 (3): 145–53. doi:10.1007/s100720050024. PMID 10541596. S2CID 25139526.
  3. ^ Faul, Mark; Xu, Likang; Wald, Marlena M.; Coronado, Victor G. (2010). "Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Emergency Department Visits, Hospitalizations and Deaths 2002-2006". National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.
  4. ^ Nih Consensus Development Panel On Rehabilitation Of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury (1999). "Consensus conference. Rehabilitation of persons with traumatic brain injury. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Rehabilitation of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury". JAMA. 282 (10): 974–83. doi:10.1001/jama.282.10.974. PMID 10485684.