Co-therapy

Co-therapy or conjoint therapy is a kind of psychotherapy conducted with more than one therapist present.[1][2] This kind of therapy is especially applied during couple therapy.[3][4][5] Carl Whitaker and Virginia Satir are credited as the founders of co-therapy.[6][7] Co-therapy dates back to the early twentieth century in Vienna, where psychoanalytic practices were first taking place.[8] It was originally named "multiple therapy" by Alfred Alder, and later introduced separately as "co-therapy" in the 1940s.[9] Co-therapy began with two therapists of differing abilities, one essentially learning from the other, and providing the opportunity to hear feedback on their work.

  1. ^ MacLennan, Beryce W. (1965). "Co-Therapy". International Journal of Group Psychotherapy. 15 (2): 154–166. doi:10.1080/00207284.1965.11642823. PMID 14297642.
  2. ^ Roller, Bill; Nelson, Vivian (1991). The Art of Co-therapy: How Therapists Work Together. Guilford Press. ISBN 978-0-89862-557-8. co-therapy or conjoint model.
  3. ^ Bellville, Titus P.; Raths, Otto N.; Bellville, Carol J. (1969). "Conjoint marriage therapy with a husband-and-wife team". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 39 (3): 473–483. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1969.tb00643.x. PMID 5783742.
  4. ^ Leslie, Gerald R. (1964). "Conjoint Therapy in Marriage Counseling". Journal of Marriage and Family. 26 (1): 65–71. doi:10.2307/349379. ISSN 0022-2445. JSTOR 349379.
  5. ^ Hogan, Peter D.; Royce, Jack R. (1975). "Four-way sessions: The co-therapy of couples in individual and conjoint treatment". Groups: A Journal of Group Dynamics & Psychotherapy. 7 (1): 7–11.
  6. ^ Goleman, Daniel (25 April 1995). "Carl Whitaker, 83, Therapist Who Focused on Family Life". The New York Times.
  7. ^ Keith, David V.; Whitaker, Carl A. (1983). "Co-therapy with Families". Handbook of Family and Marital Therapy. Springer US: 343–355. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4442-1_16. ISBN 978-1-4684-4444-5.
  8. ^ Hoffman, Ludmila W.; Hoffman, Herbert J. (1981). "Husband–wife co-therapy team: Exploration of its development". Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice. 18 (2): 217–224. doi:10.1037/h0086082. ISSN 0033-3204.
  9. ^ Hadden, Samuel B. (1947-03-01). "The utilization of a therapy group in teaching psychotherapy". American Journal of Psychiatry. 103 (5): 644–648. doi:10.1176/ajp.103.5.644. ISSN 0002-953X. PMID 20295278.