Collective motion

Collective motion is defined as the spontaneous emergence of ordered movement in a system consisting of many self-propelled agents. It can be observed in everyday life, for example in flocks of birds, schools of fish, herds of animals and also in crowds and car traffic. It also appears at the microscopic level: in colonies of bacteria, motility assays and artificial self-propelled particles.[1][2][3] The scientific community is trying to understand the universality of this phenomenon. In particular it is intensively investigated in statistical physics and in the field of active matter. Experiments on animals,[4] biological and synthesized self-propelled particles, simulations[5] and theories[6][7] are conducted in parallel to study these phenomena. One of the most famous models that describes such behavior is the Vicsek model introduced by Tamás Vicsek et al. in 1995.[8]

  1. ^ Palacci, Jeremie; Sacanna, Stefano; Steinberg, Asher Preska; Pine, David J.; Chaikin, Paul M. (2013). "Living Crystals of Light-Activated Colloidal Surfers". Science. 339 (6122): 936–940. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..936P. doi:10.1126/science.1230020. PMID 23371555. S2CID 1974474.
  2. ^ Theurkauff, I.; Cottin-Bizonne, C.; Palacci, J.; Ybert, C.; Bocquet, L. (2012). "Dynamic clustering in active colloidal suspensions with chemical signaling". Physical Review Letters. 108 (26): 268303. arXiv:1202.6264. Bibcode:2012PhRvL.108z8303T. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.268303. PMID 23005020. S2CID 4890068.
  3. ^ Buttinoni, I.; Bialké, J.; Kümmel, F.; Löwen, H.; Bechinger, C.; Speck, T. (2013). "Dynamical clustering and phase separation in suspensions of self-propelled colloidal particles". Physical Review Letters. 110 (23): 238301. arXiv:1305.4185. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.110w8301B. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.238301. PMID 25167534. S2CID 17127522.
  4. ^ Feder, Toni (2007). "Statistical physics is for the birds". Physics Today. 60 (10): 28–30. Bibcode:2007PhT....60j..28F. doi:10.1063/1.2800090.
  5. ^ Grégoire, Guillaume; Chaté, Hugues (2004-01-15). "Onset of Collective and Cohesive Motion". Physical Review Letters. 92 (2): 025702. arXiv:cond-mat/0401208. Bibcode:2004PhRvL..92b5702G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.025702. PMID 14753946. S2CID 37159324.
  6. ^ Toner, John; Tu, Yuhai (1995-12-04). "Long-Range Order in a Two-Dimensional Dynamical $\mathrm{XY}$ Model: How Birds Fly Together". Physical Review Letters. 75 (23): 4326–4329. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.4326T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4326. PMID 10059876.
  7. ^ Chaté, H.; Ginelli, F.; Grégoire, G.; Peruani, F.; Raynaud, F. (2008-07-11). "Modeling collective motion: variations on the Vicsek model" (PDF). The European Physical Journal B. 64 (3–4): 451–456. Bibcode:2008EPJB...64..451C. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2008-00275-9. ISSN 1434-6028. S2CID 49363896.
  8. ^ Vicsek, T.; Czirok, A.; Ben-Jacob, E.; Cohen, I.; Shochet, O. (1995). "Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles". Physical Review Letters. 75 (6): 1226–1229. arXiv:cond-mat/0611743. Bibcode:1995PhRvL..75.1226V. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1226. PMID 10060237. S2CID 15918052.