Collis Potter Huntington | |
|---|---|
 Collis P. Huntington, c. 1872 by Stephen W. Shaw | |
| Born | October 22, 1821[1] Harwinton, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | August 13, 1900 (aged 78) |
| Resting place | Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, New York, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Employer(s) | Central Pacific Railroad Southern Pacific Railroad Chesapeake & Ohio Railway |
| Known for | First transcontinental railroad |
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Collis Potter Huntington (October 22, 1821 – August 13, 1900)[2] was an American industrialist and railway magnate. He was one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who invested in Theodore Judah's idea to build the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad.[3] Huntington helped lead and develop other major interstate lines, such as the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway (C&O), which he was recruited to help complete. The C&O, completed in 1873, fulfilled a long-held dream of Virginians of a rail link from the James River at Richmond to the Ohio River Valley. The new railroad facilities adjacent to the river there resulted in expansion of the former small town of Guyandotte, West Virginia into part of a new city which was named Huntington in his honor.
Turning attention to the eastern end of the line at Richmond, Huntington directed the C&O's Peninsula Extension in 1881–82, which opened a pathway for West Virginia bituminous coal to reach new coal piers on the harbor of Hampton Roads for export shipping. He also is credited with the development of Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, as well as the incorporation of Newport News, Virginia as a new independent city. After his death, both his nephew Henry E. Huntington and his stepson Archer M. Huntington continued his work at Newport News. All three are considered founding fathers in the community, with local features named in honor of each.
Much of the railroad and industrial development which Collis P. Huntington envisioned and led are still important activities in the early 21st century. The Southern Pacific is now part of the Union Pacific Railroad, and the C&O became part of CSX Transportation, each major U.S. railroad systems. West Virginia coal is still transported by rail to be loaded onto colliers at Hampton Roads. Nearby, Huntington Ingalls Industries operates the massive shipyard at Newport News.
From his base in Washington, Huntington was a lobbyist for the Central Pacific and the Southern Pacific in the 1870s and 1880s. The Big Four had built a powerful political machine, which he had a large role in running. He was generous in providing bribes to politicians and congressmen. Revelation of his misdeeds in 1883 made him one of the most hated railroad men in the country.
Huntington defended himself:
The motives back of my actions have been honest ones and results have redounded far more to the benefit of California than they have to my own.[4]
In 1968, Huntington was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.[5]
- ^ Evans, Cerinda W. (1954). Collis Potter Huntington. Mariners' Museum.
- ^ Prominent and progressive Americans: an encyclopædia of contemporaneous biography. New York Tribune. 1902. p. 184. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ Huddleston, Eugene L. (2000). "Huntington, Collis Potter (1821-1900), railroad builder and financier". American National Biography. doi:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1000841. ISBN 978-0-19-860669-7. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
- ^ Drabelle, Dennis (2012). The Great American Railroad War: How Ambrose Bierce and Frank Norris Took On the Notorious Central Pacific Railroad. St. Martin's Press. p. 178. ISBN 9781250015051.
- ^ "Hall of Great Westerners". National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum. Retrieved November 22, 2019.