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The Communist movement in Korea emerged as a political movement in the early 20th century. Although the movement had a minor role in pre-war politics, the division between the communist North Korea and the anti-communist South Korea came to dominate Korean political life in the post-World War II era. North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, continues to be a Jucheist state under the rule of the Workers' Party of Korea.[1] In South Korea, the National Security Law has been used to criminalize advocacy of communism and groups suspected of alignment with North Korea.[2][3] Due to the end of economic aid from the Soviet Union after its dissolution in 1991, the impractical ideological application of Stalinist policies in North Korea over years of economic slowdown in the 1980s,[4] and the recession and famine during the 1990s,[5] North Korea has replaced Marxism-Leninism with the Juche idea despite nominally upholding Communism. References to Communism were removed in the North Korean 1992 and 1998 constitutional revisions[6] to make way for the personality cult of Kim's family dictatorship and the (admittedly reluctant) North Korean market economy reform. The Workers' Party of Korea under the leadership of Kim Jong Un later reconfirmed commitment to the establishment of a communist society, but orthodox Marxism has since been largely tabled in favor of "Socialism in our style". Officially, the DPRK still retains a command economy with complete state control of industry and agriculture. North Korea maintains collectivized farms and state-funded education and healthcare.
- ^ "DPRK Socialist Constitution". www.naenara.com.kp.
- ^ Reporters sans frontières - Internet - South Korea Archived 2008-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ South Korea | OpenNet Initiative
- ^ Kim, Byung-Yeon; Kim, Suk Jin; Lee, Keun (2007). "Assessing the economic performance of North Korea, 1954–1989: Estimates and growth accounting analysis" (PDF). Journal of Comparative Economics. 35 (3): 564–582. doi:10.1016/j.jce.2007.04.001. ISSN 0147-5967.
- ^ Anderson, Nels; Chanlett-Avery, Emma (22 January 2010). North Korea: Economic Leverage and Policy Analysis (PDF). Congressional Research Service. ISBN 978-1030585705.
- ^ Zook, Daren C. (2012). "Reforming North Korea: Law, Politics, and the Market Economy" (PDF). Stanford Journal of International Law. 48 (1): 131–183. ISSN 0731-5082.