Communist Party of Australia (1920–1944; 1951–1991) Australian Communist Party (1944–1951) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation |
|
| Founder | Jock Garden Tom Walsh William Earsman Adela Pankhurst Christian Jollie Smith Katharine Susannah Prichard |
| Founded | 30 October 1920 |
| Registered | 19 October 1984[1] |
| Legalised | 18 December 1942[2][3] |
| Dissolved | |
| Succeeded by | Socialist Party of Australia (1971)[a] |
| Headquarters | Marx House, Sydney[b] |
| Newspaper | |
| Youth wing | Eureka Youth League |
| Paramilitary wing | Workers' Defence Corps (1929–1935) |
| Membership (1945) | 22,052[6][3] |
| Ideology |
|
| Political position | |
| International affiliation | Comintern (1921–1943) |
| Colours | Red |
| Slogan | "All power to the workers" |
| Anthem | The Internationale |
| Party branches | Queensland |
| Queensland Parliament | 1 / 62 (1944–1950) |
| De facto flag used in the 1940s–50s | |
 | |
| Part of a series on |
| Socialism in Australia |
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| Part of a series on |
| Labour politics in Australia |
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The Communist Party of Australia (CPA), known as the Australian Communist Party (ACP) from 1944 to 1951, was an Australian communist party founded in 1920. The party existed until roughly 1991, with its membership and influence having been in a steady decline since its peak in 1945. Like most communist parties in the West, the party was heavily involved in the labour movement and the trade unions. Its membership, popularity and influence grew significantly during most of the interwar period before reaching its climax in 1945, where the party achieved a membership of slightly above 22,000 members. At its peak it was the largest communist party in the Anglophone countries on a population basis, and held industrial strength greater than the parties of "India, Latin America, and most of Western Europe".[3][7]
Although the party did not achieve a federal MP, Fred Paterson was elected to the Parliament of Queensland (for Bowen) at the 1944 state election. He won re-election in 1947 before the seat was abolished. The party also held office in over a dozen local government areas across New South Wales and Queensland.
After nineteen years of activity, the CPA was formally banned on 15 June 1940 under the relatively new Menzies government (1939–1941).[4][2] The party was banned under the National Security (Subversive Associations) Regulations 1940. Two-and-a-half years later, the party was again a lawful organisation.[3] When the party contested the federal election eight months later, it received its biggest vote total. Getting a total of 81,816 votes (1.93–2.00%), the party received over 20,000 in Victoria and Queensland, and over 19,000 in New South Wales.[8] It was the party's biggest vote total since the 1934 federal election. However, by the late 1960s the party fell into single digit numbers before a brief spike in the mid 1970s. By the mid to late 1980s, the party was effectively stagnant and the party was soon dissolved. To the present, the party is the fourth-oldest political party in Australian political history since Federation, lasting for 70 years, 122 days.
- ^ "Communist Party of Australia". aec.gov.au. Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).
- ^ a b c Winterton, George (1992). "The Significance of the Communist Party Case". Melbourne University Law Review.
- ^ a b c d Macintyre, Stuart (1 February 2022). The Party: The Communist Party of Australia From Heyday to Reckoning. Allen & Unwin. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-76087-518-3.
- ^ a b "Government Notices Gazette, No. 110". Australian Government Gazette. 15 June 1940.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Ross (1997). The People's Champion Fred Paterson: Australia's Only Communist Party Meember of Parliament. University of Queensland Press.
- ^ a b c Hobday, Charles (1986). Communist and Marxist Parties of the World. Longman. pp. 386–387.
- ^ Claudin, Fernando (1975). The Communist Movement from Comintern to Cominform. London: Penguin. ISBN 0853454000.
- ^ Barber, Stephen. "Federal election results 1901–2016—Reissue #2". parlinfo.aph.gov.au. Parliamentary Library of Australia.
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