Compensatory growth (organism)

For the compensatory growth of organs, see Compensatory growth (organ).
Representation of compensatory growth, although the compensating organism may often outgrow the normal organism.

Compensatory growth, known as catch-up growth and compensatory gain, is an accelerated growth of an organism following a period of slowed development, particularly as a result of nutrient deprivation.[1][2] The growth may be with respect to weight or length (or height in humans).[1][3][4][5][6][7][8] For example, the body weights of animals who experience nutritional restriction will often over time become similar to those of animals who did not experience such stress.[1] It is possible for high compensatory growth rates to result in overcompensation, where the organism exceeds normal weight and often has excessive fat deposition.[9]

An organism can recover to normal weight without additional time.[1] Sometimes when the nutrient restriction is severe, the growth period is extended to reach the normal weight.[1] If the nutrient restriction is severe enough, the organism may have permanent stunted growth where it does not ever reach normal weight.[1] Usually in animals, complete recovery from carbohydrate and protein restriction occurs.[9]

Compensatory growth has been observed in a number of organisms including humans,[3][4][5][6][7][8] other species of mammals,[10] birds,[10] reptiles,[11] fish,[12][13][14] plants (especially grasses and young tree seedlings and saplings),[15] fungi,[16] microbes,[17] pigs,[18] and damselflies.[19]

  1. ^ a b c d e f David E. Gerrard; Alan L. Grant (September 2002). Principles of Animal Growth and Development. Kendall Hunt. pp. 204–208. ISBN 978-0-7872-9147-1. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
  2. ^ Tony Leonard John Lawrence; V. R. Fowler (November 2002). Growth of farm animals. CABI. pp. 229–254. ISBN 978-0-85199-484-0. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference CG9FullGuideline was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference pediatrics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Estrogen production and action was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference The genetic basis of human height : the role of estrogen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Anorexia nervosa may not stunt growth, short term was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Effect of anorexia nervosa on linear growth was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b fundamentals of modern agriculture. Taylor & Francis. pp. 279–280. GGKEY:BP74C846RC5. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  10. ^ a b Wilson, P.; Osbourn, D. (1960). "Compensatory growth after undernutrition in mammals and birds". Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 35 (3): 324–363. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1960.tb01466.x. PMID 13785698.
  11. ^ Radder, R. S.; Warner, D. A.; Shine, R. (2007). "Compensating for a bad start: Catch-up growth in juvenile lizards (Amphibolurus muricatus, agamidae)". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology. 307A (9): 500–508. doi:10.1002/jez.403. PMID 17620280.
  12. ^ James S. Diana (2004). Biology and ecology of fishes. Biological Sciences Press, a Division of Cooper Pub. Group. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-884125-98-0. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  13. ^ Turkmen, Serhat (2012). "Compensatory growth response of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) under cycled starvation and restricted feeding rate". Aquaculture Research. 43 (11): 1643–1650. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02970.x.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ David M. Orcutt; Erik T. Nilsen (2000). The Physiology of Plants Under Stress: Soil and biotic factors. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 277–278. ISBN 978-0-471-17008-2. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
  16. ^ Bretherton, S.; Tordoff, G. M.; Jones, T. H.; Boddy, L. (2006). "Compensatory growth of Phanerochaete velutina mycelial systems grazed by Folsomia candida (Collembola)". FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 58 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00149.x. PMID 16958906.
  17. ^ Mikola J. & H. Setala (1998), "No evidence of tropic cascades in an experimental microbial-based food web", Ecology, 79: 153–164, doi:10.2307/176871, JSTOR 176871
  18. ^ Skiba, G. (2005-06-21). "Physiological aspects of compensatory growth in pigs". Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 14 (Suppl. 1): 191–203. doi:10.22358/jafs/70362/2005. ISSN 1230-1388.
  19. ^ Dmitriew, C.; Rowe, L. (2004). "Resource limitation, predation risk and compensatory growth in a damselfly". Oecologia. 142 (1): 150–154. doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1712-2. PMID 15372227. S2CID 30377416.