Condylognatha

Condylognatha; Temporal range: Carboniferous period–Holocene, 350–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	"Tritomegas sexmaculatus from Hemiptera.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
(unranked):	Paraneoptera
Superorder:	Condylognatha
Orders
	Thysanoptera – thrips; Hemiptera – true bugs;

Condylognatha or Panhemiptera is a monophyletic grouping (superorder)^[2] that contains Hemiptera (true bugs) and Thysanoptera (thrips). Condylognatha belongs to Paraneoptera, which include its sister group, lice (Psocodea).^[3]^[4]

^ Truman, James W.; Riddiford, Lynn M. (2019). "The evolution of insect metamorphosis: A developmental and endocrine view". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 374 (1783). doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0070. PMC 6711285. PMID 31438820.
^ Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Senior Curator and Professor Michael S. (May 16, 2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521821490 – via Google Books.
^ Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; Peters, Ralph S.; Allen, Julie M.; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Kozlov, Alexey M.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Meusemann, Karen; Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Weirauch, Christiane; Swanson, Daniel R.; Percy, Diana M.; Hardy, Nate B.; Terry, Irene; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Misof, Bernhard; Robertson, Hugh M.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (December 11, 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.
^ Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; Peters, Ralph S.; Allen, Julie M.; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Kozlov, Alexey M.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Meusemann, Karen; Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Weirauch, Christiane; Swanson, Daniel R.; Percy, Diana M.; Hardy, Nate B.; Terry, Irene; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Misof, Bernhard; Robertson, Hugh M.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (December 11, 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.

[1] Truman, James W.; Riddiford, Lynn M. (2019). "The evolution of insect metamorphosis: A developmental and endocrine view". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 374 (1783). doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0070. PMC 6711285. PMID 31438820.

[2] Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Michael S.; Engel, Senior Curator and Professor Michael S. (May 16, 2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521821490 – via Google Books.

[3] Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; Peters, Ralph S.; Allen, Julie M.; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Kozlov, Alexey M.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Meusemann, Karen; Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Weirauch, Christiane; Swanson, Daniel R.; Percy, Diana M.; Hardy, Nate B.; Terry, Irene; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Misof, Bernhard; Robertson, Hugh M.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (December 11, 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.

[4] Johnson, Kevin P.; Dietrich, Christopher H.; Friedrich, Frank; Beutel, Rolf G.; Wipfler, Benjamin; Peters, Ralph S.; Allen, Julie M.; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Walden, Kimberly K. O.; Kozlov, Alexey M.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Meusemann, Karen; Vasilikopoulos, Alexandros; Waterhouse, Robert M.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Weirauch, Christiane; Swanson, Daniel R.; Percy, Diana M.; Hardy, Nate B.; Terry, Irene; Liu, Shanlin; Zhou, Xin; Misof, Bernhard; Robertson, Hugh M.; Yoshizawa, Kazunori (December 11, 2018). "Phylogenomics and the evolution of hemipteroid insects". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (50): 12775–12780. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815820115. PMC 6294958. PMID 30478043.

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