| Congressional Gold Medal | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Etching of medal awarded to John Paul Jones, the only Continental Navy officer to be awarded a gold medal | |
| Type | Civilian award |
| Awarded for | "National appreciation for distinguished achievements and contributions by individuals or institutions". |
| Country | United States of America |
| Presented by | United States Congress |
| First awarded | 1776 |
| Total recipients | 184 |
The Congressional Gold Medal is the oldest and highest civilian award in the United States, alongside the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[1] It is bestowed by vote of the United States Congress, signed into law by the president. The Gold Medal expresses the highest national appreciation for distinguished achievements and contributions by individuals or institutions.[2]
The congressional practice of issuing gold medals to occasionally honor recipients began with members of the military during the American Revolution. The practice soon extended to individuals in all walks of life and in the late 20th century also to groups. The congressional medal honors those, individually or as a group, "who have performed an achievement that has an impact on American history and culture that is likely to be recognized as a major achievement in the recipient's field long after the achievement."[3]
There is no general statutory scheme for creation of the award. When a Congressional Gold Medal is deemed appropriate, Congress provides for the creation of each medal by passing a law to that effect. Each chamber of Congress (the House and the Senate) imposes super-majority sponsorship rules to begin consideration.[3] Each medal is ordered to be uniquely designed and cast in gold by the United States Mint. Thus, there are significantly fewer gold medals than presidential medals. U.S. citizenship is not a requirement. As of November 29, 2023[update], 184 people, events, or institutions have been awarded a Congressional Gold Medal.[4]
- ^ Straus, Jacob R. (2018). Congressional Gold Medals: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
- ^ "US Senate – Awards, Honors, & Medals". www.senate.gov. United States Senate. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
- ^ a b "Congressional Research Service, Congressional Gold Medals, 1776–2016 CRS Report RL30076" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
- ^ "Congressional Gold Medal Recipients | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2021-06-24.