Conservation of painted turtles

An orange, diamond-shaped sign on the right side of a winding road way that says "Slow: crossing season" with a picture of a turtle.
British Columbia road sign

The decline in painted turtle populations is not a simple story of dramatic range reduction, such as the American bison. Instead, the turtle remains numerous and occupies its original range—it is classified as G5 (demonstrably widespread) in its Natural Heritage Global Rank—however, the settlement of North America has undoubtedly reduced its population density. Since at least 1952,[1] scientists have noted human impact on the painted turtle. Ernst and Lovich, in their 2009 turtle almanac, acknowledge that estimates of species-specific population changes are lacking, but say that it is useful to discuss general factors affecting all turtles. However, these pressures are generally more pressing on turtles of the sea, estuary or land, or already rare turtles.[2] The painted turtle's high reproduction rates and its ability to survive in habitats affected by humans, such as polluted wetlands and artificially made ponds, have allowed it to maintain its range.[3] In New England, the Turtle Conservation Project notes: "Ironically, prime habitat has been created by fertilizer runoff, creating vegetation-clogged lakes; just what Painted Turtles like."[4]

Only at the extremities of the Pacific Northwest is the turtle's actual range eroding. Even there, in Washington, the painted turtle is common: it is designated S5 (demonstrably widespread). However, further south, in Oregon (the north third of the state is painted turtle range), the painted turtle is designated S2 (imperiled). There, federal, state and Portland city governments are working to better understand and arrest the decline of the painted turtle.[5] North of Washington, in British Columbia, the turtle is also in peril. There coastal populations are designated as endangered[6] and Interior populations are designated as "of special concern".[7] The iconic painted turtle is popular in British Columbia and the province is further motivated to stop the loss of the painted turtle because it has already lost all populations of its other native turtle species, the western pond turtle. However, despite conservation efforts, only a few thousand turtles remain in the entire province.[8][9][10]

Much has been written about the different factors that harm the painted turtle. Essentially all factors are unquantified and at most only some inferences of which factors are more relatively severe are described.[1][11][12]

  1. ^ a b Carr 1952, p. 228
  2. ^ Ernst 2009, p. 23-32
  3. ^ "Species Identification". Western Connecticut State University. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10. Retrieved 2010-10-14.
  4. ^ "Painted Turtle: Chrysemys picta". Turtle Conservation Project. Archived from the original on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
  5. ^ Gervais 2009, p. 9
  6. ^ "Species Profile Western Painted Turtle Pacific Coast population". Species at Risk Public Registry. Government of Canada. 2010-01-11. Archived from the original on 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  7. ^ "Species Profile Western Painted Turtle Intermountain – Rocky Mountain population". Species at Risk Public Registry. Government of Canada. 2010-01-11. Archived from the original on 2013-06-10. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  8. ^ Carnahan, Todd. "Western Painted Turtles". Habitat Acquisition Trust. Archived from the original on 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
  9. ^ "B.C. Frogwatch Program: Painted Turtle". British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Archived from the original on 2010-08-29. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
  10. ^ Nilsen, Emily (2010-08-09). "Protecting the Painted Turtle". Nelson Express. Retrieved 2010-12-11.
  11. ^ Ernst 1994, p. 294
  12. ^ Ernst 2009, p. 211