Chao Phraya Wichayen Constantine Phaulkon | |
|---|---|
Κωνσταντῖνος Γεράκης | |
 Contemporary depiction of Constance Phaulkon | |
| Samuhanayok (Chief minister) of Ayutthaya Kingdom | |
| In office 1685–1688 Serving with Chao Phraya Chomnan Pakdi (Soombun) | |
| Monarch | Narai |
| Preceded by | Chao Phraya Apairaja (Cheen) |
| Succeeded by | Chao Phraya Chomnan Pakdi (Soombun) |
| Acting Phra Khlang | |
| In office 1683–1685 | |
| Monarch | Narai |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1647 Erisso, Cephalonia, Republic of Venice |
| Died | 5 June 1688 (aged 40–41) Lopburi, Ayutthaya Kingdom |
| Cause of death | Decapitation |
| Nationality | Greek[1] |
| Spouse | |
| Relatives | Grandparents: Costantin Gerachi and Pagulina Cangelari. Great grandfather: Captain Marco Cangelari, Military Commander and Ambassador of the Community of Cephalonia to Venice (1561) |
| Occupation | Soldier, Clerk, Trader, Translator, Nobleman |
| Known for | Favourite of King Narai |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  England (1665-1667)[2] English East India Company (1667-1679)[3] Ayutthaya Kingdom |
| Battles/wars | Second Anglo-Dutch War Third Anglo-Dutch War Makassar Revolt (1686) Anglo-Siamese War Siamese revolution of 1688  |
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Constantine Phaulkon (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Γεράκης, Konstantinos Gerakis; γεράκι is the Greek word for "falcon"; also known as Costantin Gerachi,[4] Capitão Falcão in Portuguese and simply as Monsieur Constance in French; 1647 – 5 June 1688) was a Greek adventurer who became chief minister to King Narai of the Ayutthaya Kingdom[5][6] and assumed the Thai noble title "Chao Phraya Wichayen" (เจ้าพระยาวิชาเยนทร์).[7]: 59, 64
- ^ Smithies, Michael; na Pombejra, Dhiravat (2002). "Instructions Given to the Siamese Envoys Sent to Portugal, 1684" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 90.1 & 2.
- ^ "PHAULKON OF SIAM". www.deanbarrettthailand.com. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ Strach III, Walter J. (December 2004). "Constantine Phaulkon and Somdet Phra Narai: Dynamics of Court Politics in Seventeenth Century Siam" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-28. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ These are the Greek and Italian spelling forms of his name and family name as found in local archives of Cephalonia. Cangelaris 2011, p. 66 ff.
- ^ "When Bangkok was just a French fort". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ Strathern, Alan, ed. (2024), "Reclining Buddhas and Restless Missionaries: Narai of Ayutthaya and the Encounter with Christianity, 1660–1690", Converting Rulers: Kongo, Japan, Thailand, Hawaii and Global Patterns, 1450–1850, Cambridge University Press, pp. 165–216, doi:10.1017/9781108569729.012, ISBN 978-1-108-47716-1
- ^ Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited