Contact granuloma

Contact granuloma
Other namesContact ulcer, Vocal fold contact ulcer or Vocal process granuloma
Healthy vocal folds. Contact granulomas may form in the posterior part of the larynx.
SpecialtyOtolaryngologist

Contact granuloma is a condition that develops due to persistent tissue irritation in the posterior larynx.[1][2] Benign granulomas, not to be confused with other types of granulomas, occur on the vocal process of the vocal folds, where the vocal ligament attaches. Signs and symptoms may include hoarseness of the voice, or a sensation of having a lump in the throat, but contact granulomas may also be without symptoms.[3] There are two common causes associated with contact granulomas; the first common cause is sustained periods of increased pressure on the vocal folds, and is commonly seen in people who use their voice excessively, such as singers (John Mayer, for example).[4] Treatment typically includes voice therapy and changes to lifestyle factors. The second common cause of granulomas is gastroesophageal reflux and is controlled primarily through the use of anti-reflux medication.[5] Other associated causes are discussed below.

  1. ^ Stemple, Joseph C.; Roy, Nelson; Klaben, Bernice (2014). Clinical voice pathology : theory and management (Fifth ed.). San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing. ISBN 9781597565561. OCLC 985461970.
  2. ^ Head & neck surgery--otolaryngology. Bailey, Byron J., 1934-, Johnson, Jonas T., Newlands, Shawn D., 1960- (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006. ISBN 978-0781755610. OCLC 63176653.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ McKINLEY Jr., JAMES (2011-11-18). "Advances in Medicine Lead Stars to Surgery". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).