Copper(II) chloride

Copper(II) chloride

Anhydrous
  Copper, Cu
  Chlorine, Cl

Anhydrous

Dihydrate
Names
IUPAC name
Copper(II) chloride
Other names
Cupric chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
8128168
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.373 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 231-210-2
9300
RTECS number
  • GL7000000
UNII
UN number 2802
  • InChI=1S/2ClH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 checkY
    Key: ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
  • InChI=1/2ClH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2/rCl2Cu/c1-3-2
    Key: ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-LRIOHBSEAE
  • InChI=1/2ClH.Cu/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
    Key: ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-NUQVWONBAE
  • anhydrous: [Cu+2].[Cl-].[Cl-]
  • dihydrate: Cl[Cu-2](Cl)([OH2+])[OH2+]
Properties
CuCl2
Molar mass 134.45 g/mol (anhydrous)
170.48 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance dark brown solid (anhydrous)
light blue solid (dihydrate)
Odor odorless
Density 3.386 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
2.51 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point 630 °C (1,166 °F; 903 K) (extrapolated)
100 °C (dehydration of dihydrate)
Boiling point 993 °C (1,819 °F; 1,266 K) (anhydrous, decomposes)
70.6 g/(100 mL) (0 °C)
75.7 g/(100 mL) (25 °C)
107.9 g/(100 mL) (100 °C)
Solubility methanol:
68 g/(100 mL) (15 °C)


ethanol:
53 g/(100 mL) (15 °C)
soluble in acetone

+1080·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure[1][2]
monoclinic (β = 121°) (anhydrous)
orthorhombic (dihydrate)
C2/m (anhydrous)
Pbmn (dihydrate)
a = 6.85 Å (anhydrous)
7.41 Å (dihydrate), b = 3.30 Å (anhydrous)
8.09 Å (dihydrate), c = 6.70 Å (anhydrous)
3.75 Å (dihydrate)
Octahedral
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation markGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H301, H302, H312, H315, H318, H319, H335, H410, H411
P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
0
1
Flash point Non-flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) Fisher Scientific
Related compounds
Other anions
 Copper(II) fluoride
Copper(II) bromide
Other cations
 Copper(I) chloride
Silver chloride
Gold(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuCl2. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl2·2H2O, with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process.

Both the anhydrous and the dihydrate forms occur naturally as the rare minerals tolbachite and eriochalcite, respectively.

  1. ^ A. F. Wells (1947). "The crystal structure of anhydrous cupric chloride, and the stereochemistry of the cupric atom". Journal of the Chemical Society: 1670–1675. doi:10.1039/JR9470001670.
  2. ^ Sydney Brownstein; Nam Fong Han; Eric Gabe; Yvon LePage (1989). "A redetermination of the crystal structure of cupric chloride dihydrate". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 189 (1): 13–15. Bibcode:1989ZK....189...13B. doi:10.1524/zkri.1989.189.1-2.13.
  3. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).