Cornwall
Kernow (Cornish) | |
|---|---|
 Cornwall shown within England | |
| Coordinates: 50°24′N 4°54′W / 50.400°N 4.900°W | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Constituent country | England |
| Region | South West England |
| Established | Ancient |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (BST) |
| UK Parliament | 6 MPs |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall Police |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Lord Lieutenant | Edward Bolitho |
| High Sheriff | Stamford Timothy John Galsworthy (2024-25)[1] |
| Area | 3,562 km2 (1,375 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 12th of 48 |
| Population (2022)[2] | 577,694 |
| • Rank | 40th of 48 |
| Density | 162/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Unitary authority | |
| Council | Cornwall Council |
| Control | Conservative |
| Admin HQ | Lys Kernow, Truro |
| Area | 3,545 km2 (1,369 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 4th of 296 |
| Population (2022)[4] | 575,413 |
| • Rank | 5th of 296 |
| Density | 162/km2 (420/sq mi) |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-CON |
| GSS code | E06000052 |
| ITL | TLK30 |
| Website | cornwall |
| Districts | |
.svg) Districts of Cornwall | |
| Districts |
|
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Cornwall (/ˈkɔːrnwɔːl, -wəl/;[5] Cornish: Kernow; Cornish pronunciation: [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; or [ˈkɛrnɔ][6]) is a ceremonial county in South West England.[7] It is recognised by Cornish and Celtic political groups as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, Devon to the east, and the English Channel to the south. The largest urban area in the county is a conurbation that includes the former mining towns of Redruth and Camborne, and the county town is the city of Truro.
The county is rural, with an area of 1,375 square miles (3,562 km2) and population of 568,210. Outside of the Redruth-Camborne conurbation the largest settlements are Falmouth, Penzance, Newquay, St Austell, and Truro. For local government purposes most of Cornwall is a unitary authority area, with the Isles of Scilly having a unique local authority. The Cornish nationalist movement disputes the constitutional status of Cornwall and seeks greater autonomy within the United Kingdom.
Cornwall is the westernmost part of the South West Peninsula, and the southernmost county within the United Kingdom. Its coastline is characterised by steep cliffs and, to the south, several rias, including those at the mouths of the rivers Fal and Fowey. It includes the southernmost point on Great Britain, Lizard Point, and forms a large part of the Cornwall National Landscape. The national landscape also includes Bodmin Moor, an upland outcrop of the Cornubian batholith granite formation. The county contains many short rivers; the longest is the Tamar, which forms the border with Devon.
Cornwall had a minor Roman presence, and later formed part of the Brittonic kingdom of Dumnonia. From the 7th century, the Britons in the South West increasingly came into conflict with the expanding Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, eventually being pushed west of the Tamar; by the Norman Conquest Cornwall was administered as part of England, though it retained its own culture. The remainder of the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period were relatively settled, with Cornwall developing its tin mining industry and becoming a duchy in 1337. During the Industrial Revolution, the tin and copper mines were expanded and then declined, with china clay extraction becoming a major industry. Railways were built, leading to a growth of tourism in the 20th century. The Cornish language became extinct as a living community language at the end of the 18th century, but is now being revived.
- ^ "No. 64352". The London Gazette. 22 March 2024. p. 5930.
- ^ "Mid-2022 population estimates by Lieutenancy areas (as at 1997) for England and Wales". Office for National Statistics. 24 June 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024.
- ^ UK Census (2021). "2021 Census Area Profile – Cornwall Local Authority (E06000052)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022". Office for National Statistics. 26 March 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Meaning of Cornwall in English". Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
- ^ Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF). Cornwall Council, Truro, Cornwall, UK. 2018. p. 95.
- ^ "Interpretation Act 1978: Schedule 1", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1978 c. 30 (sch. 1), retrieved 16 February 2024,
"England" means, subject to any alteration of boundaries under Part IV of the Local Government Act 1972, the area consisting of the counties established by section 1 of that Act, Greater London and the Isles of Scilly. [1st April 1974].