A corrective colony (Russian: исправительная колония, romanized: ispravitelnaya koloniya, abbr. ИК/IK) is the most common type of prison in Russia and some other post-Soviet states.[further explanation needed] Such colonies combine penal detention with compulsory work (penal labor).[1][2] The system of labor colonies and camps originated in 1929,[3][4][5] and after 1953, the corrective penal colonies in the Soviet Union developed as a post-Stalin replacement of the Gulag labor camp system.
- ^ Encyclopedia of Soviet Law (1985) ISBN 90-247-3075-9, section "Penitentiary Institutions"
- ^ "Исправительно-трудовая колония article" [Corrective labor colony]. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ "Исправительно-трудовая колония (ИТК)" [Corrective labor colony]. pmem.ru. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ^ Utechin, S. V. (1961). "Corrective Labour Colonies". A Concise Encyclopaedia of Russia. Part 146 of Dutton paperback. E.P. Dutton & Company. p. 136. Retrieved 2015-07-20.
Corrective Labour Colonies, one of the main types of detention place since 1929.
- ^ 11 июля 1929 г.: постановление Совета народных комиссаров СССР «Об использовании труда уголовно-заключенных» [Act of the Soviet of Peoples' Commissars of the USSR "Concerning the use of the labor of criminal prisoners", 11 July 1929] ( (wikisource))