Cossack Hetmanate

This article is about the Cossack Host. For other uses, see Hetmanate.
For more uses of the term, see Zaporozhian Host.
Zaporozhian Host
Військо Запорозьке (Ukrainian)
Exercitus Zaporoviensis (Latin)
1649–1764 (1782[1])
Flag of the Cossack Hetmanat
Military banner[3]
(Banner of arms)
Coat of arms[2] (Chronicle of Gregory Grabyanka) of Cossack Hetmanate
Coat of arms[2]
(Chronicle of Gregory Grabyanka)
The Cossack Hetmanate in 1654
The Cossack Hetmanate in 1654
StatusVassal of the Ottoman Empire (1655–1657)[4]
(1669–1685)[5][6]
Protectorate of the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire (since 1654)
Concurrent with the Kiev Governorate (1708–1764)[7]
CapitalChyhyryna (1648–1676)
Baturynb (1663–1708)
Hlukhivc (1708–1764)
Common languages
Religion
Eastern Orthodox
GovernmentStratocratic elective monarchy[8][9][10][11]
Hetman 
• 1648–1657 (first)
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
• 1750–1764 (last)
Kirill Razumovsky
LegislatureGeneral Cossack Council
Council of Officers
History 
18 (8) August 1649
1651
1654
1667
• Hetman post abolished in Poland
1686
• Kolomak Articles
1687
• Hetman post abolished in Russia
21 (10) November 1764 (1782[1])
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Zaporozhian Sich
Kiev Voivodeship
Zaporozhian Sich
Little Russia Governorate (1764–1781)
Danubian Sich
Today part of
  1. Hetmanate capital
  2. alternate Hetman residence
  3. Little Russia capital
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The Cossack Hetmanate[nb 1] (Ukrainian: Гетьма́нщина, romanized: Hetmanshchyna; Polish: Hetmanat, Hetmańszczyzna; Russian: Ге́тманщина, romanized: Getmanshchina), officially the Zaporozhian Host or Army of Zaporozhia (Ukrainian: Військо Запорозьке, romanized: Viisko Zaporozke; Latin: Exercitus Zaporoviensis),[12] is a historical term for the 17th–18th centuries Ukrainian Cossack state[12] located in central Ukraine.[9][13] It existed between 1649 and 1764, although its administrative-judicial system persisted until 1782.

The Hetmanate was founded by the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, during the Khmelnytsky Uprising from 1648 to 1657 in the eastern territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Establishment of vassal relations with the Tsardom of Russia in the Treaty of Pereiaslav of 1654 is considered a benchmark of the Cossack Hetmanate in Soviet, Ukrainian, and Russian historiography. The second Pereiaslav Council in 1659 further restricted the independence of the Hetmanate, and from the Russian side there were attempts to declare agreements reached with Yurii Khmelnytsky in 1659 as nothing more than the "former Bohdan's agreements" of 1654.[14][15][16] The 1667 Treaty of Andrusovo, conducted without any representation from the Cossack Hetmanate, established the borders between the Polish and Russian states, dividing the Hetmanate in half along the Dnieper and putting the Zaporozhian Sich under a formal joint Russian-Polish administration.

After a failed attempt to break the union with Russia by Ivan Mazepa in 1708, the whole area was included into the Kyiv Governorate,[17] and Cossack autonomy was severely restricted. Catherine II of Russia officially abolished the institute of the Hetman in 1764, and from 1764 to 1781, the Cossack Hetmanate was incorporated as the Little Russia Governorate headed by Pyotr Rumyantsev, with the last remnants of the Hetmanate's administrative system abolished in 1781.

  1. ^ ДІУ 2002, Гетьманщина, (Гетьманська держава).
  2. ^ "Однороженко О. Козацька геральдика // Історія українського козацтва: нариси у 2 т. — Київ.: Вид. дім «Києво-Могилянська академія», 2007. — Т. 2". Archived from the original on 2011-04-05. Retrieved 2012-07-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadlink= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ The main motif of regimental and centurion banners of the Zaporozhye Army since 1755
  4. ^ Kármán & Kunčevic 2013, p. 150.
  5. ^ Kármán & Kunčevic 2013, p. 142.
  6. ^ Magocsi 2010, p. 369.
  7. ^ "Телевизионная башня — Улан-Батор". Большая российская энциклопедия : [в 35 т.]. М.: Большая российская энциклопедия. 2016. pp. 732—758/. ISBN 978-5-85270-369-9. {{cite web}}: |chapter= ignored (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |материал= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help); Unknown parameter |серия год= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |серия ответственный= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |серия том= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |часть архив дата= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |часть архив= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |часть ответственный= ignored (help)
  8. ^ Яковенко Н. Розділ V. Козацька ера. § 1. Козацька революція 1648–1657 рр. // Нарис історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст. — Київ, 1997.
  9. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference EoU was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Smoliy, Valeriy (1991). "Ukrayinsʹka kozatsʹka derzhava" Українська козацька держава [The Ukrainian Cossack State] (PDF). Ukrainian Historical Journal (in Ukrainian) (4). ISSN 0130-5247. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  11. ^ Saltovskiy, Oleksandr (2002). "Kontseptsiyi Ukrayinsʹkoyi Derzhavnosti v Istoriyi Vitchyznyanoyi Politychnoyi Dumky (vid vytokiv do pochatku XX storichchya)" Концепції Української Державності в Історії Вітчизняної Політичної Думки (від витоків до початку XX сторіччя) [Concepts of Ukrainian Statehood in the History of Domestic Political Thought (from its origins to the beginning of the XX century)]. litopys.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Kyiv. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  12. ^ a b c Magocsi 2010, p. 245.
  13. ^ Saltovskiy, Oleksandr (2002). "КОНЦЕПЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ В ІСТОРІЇ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОЇ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДУМКИ (від витоків до початку XX сторіччя)" [CONCEPTS OF UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD IN THE HISTORY OF DOMESTIC POLITICAL THOUGHT (from its origins to the beginning of the XX century)]. litopys.org.ua (in Ukrainian). Kyiv. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  14. ^ Orest Subtelny. [www.brama.com/ukraine/history/pereyaslav/ Treaty of Pereyaslav]. "Ukraine - A History". University of Toronto Press, 1993
  15. ^ Horobets, V. The Pereyaslav Rada of 1654 in myths and reality. Newspaper Den. 8 April 2003
  16. ^ Пётр Шафранов "О статьях Богдана Хмельницкого 1654 г."//"Киевская Старина" 1889 г.
  17. ^ "Decree on the establishment of provinces and cities of rospisanii (Google translation)". Garant-Service. Retrieved 2011-10-03.


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