中国人民抗日军事政治大学 | |
Motto | 团结、紧张、严肃、活泼 |
---|---|
Motto in English | Togetherness, alertness, seriousness, liveliness |
Type | Public |
Active | 1931 | –1945
President | Lin Biao (1937-1943) Xu Xiangqian (1943-1945) |
Location | , , China |
Affiliations | CPC Central Committee of the Board of Education |
Counter-Japanese Military and Political University | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 中國人民抗日軍事政治大學 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中国人民抗日军事政治大学 | ||||||
| |||||||
Kangri Junzheng University | |||||||
Traditional Chinese | 抗日軍政大學 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 抗日军政大学 | ||||||
| |||||||
Kangda | |||||||
Chinese | 抗大 | ||||||
|
Counter-Japanese Military and Political University[1] (simplified Chinese: 中国人民抗日军事政治大学; traditional Chinese: 中國人民抗日軍事政治大學; pinyin: Zhōngguó Rénmín Kàngrì Jūnshì Zhèngzhì Dàxué), also commonly known as Kàngdà (抗大) and Kangri Junzheng University (抗日军政大学),[2] was a comprehensive public university located in Yan'an, Shaanxi, the headquarters of the Chinese Communist Party during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Its former site has been converted to a memorial hall.[2]
我们认为,,除在特殊语境,"抗日"不宜译成"anti-Japanese"。首先,英文"anti-Japanese"是"反对日本""反对日本人"的意思,并不包含"侵略"等信息。如果将"抗日"译为"anti-Japanese",国外读者自然就会把所有与此相关的表述都理解为"反对日本人",而不是反抗日本侵略者,如"抗日民族统一战线""抗日根据地""抗日救亡运动"等,都会被理解为"反对日本人",而不是正义的"反抗侵略"的活动。
其次,英文前缀"anti-"(即"反")后面加上民族或人民构成的复合词(如"anti-American" "anti-Chinese"等),经常与非理性的、情绪化的事件或行为搭配,如"anti-Japanese protest"(反日游行)、"anti-Japanese flag burning"(反日焚烧日本国旗)等。
我们建议,"抗日"可以采用两种译法:resistance against Japanese aggression或者counter-Japanese。
译法1:resistance against Japanese aggression或者resistance
与"anti-Japanese"不同,"resistance"(反抗)包含着非常正面的内涵,一看便知指的是"反抗侵略"。例如,"中国人民抗日战争",翻译为"the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression",国外读者可以很清楚地看到哪一方是侵略者,哪一方是正义方。而在世界反法西斯战争期间,其他同盟国开展的各种反法西斯、反纳粹活动,英语的表述也经常用"resistance"。因此,将"抗日"一词译为"resistance",跟其他同盟国用同样的术语,有利于加强外国读者眼中中国作为同盟国重要成员、维护世界正义力量的形象。
译法2:counter-Japanese
与"resistance"相似,"counter-Japanese"一词也意味着对方的行为发生在先,己方行为是应对性质的,如"counter-attack"(反攻)。因而该译法能够表明抗击的对象是侵略行为,而不是日本民族。此外,该译法比"resistance against Japanese aggression"更简短,所以在部分语境里比前者用起来更加灵活,如"counter-Japanese guerrilla force"(抗日游击队)等。