Cross-presentation

Cross-presentation is the ability of certain professional antigen-presenting cells (mostly dendritic cells) to take up, process and present extracellular antigens with MHC class I molecules to CD8 T cells (cytotoxic T cells). Cross-priming, the result of this process, describes the stimulation of naive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells into activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells.[1] This process is necessary for immunity against most tumors[2] and against viruses that infect dendritic cells and sabotage their presentation of virus antigens.[3][4] Cross presentation is also required for the induction of cytotoxic immunity by vaccination with protein antigens, for example, tumour vaccination.[5]

Cross-presentation is of particular importance, because it permits the presentation of exogenous antigens, which are normally presented by MHC II on the surface of dendritic cells, to also be presented through the MHC I pathway.[6] The MHC I pathway is normally used to present endogenous antigens that have infected a particular cell. However, cross presenting cells are able to utilize the MHC I pathway to present exogenous antigens (ones not from the cell itself) to trigger an adaptive immune response by activating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells recognizing the exogenous antigens on the MHC class I complexes.

  1. ^ Bevan, Michael J. (2006). "Cross-priming". Nature Immunology. 7 (4): 363–365. doi:10.1038/ni0406-363. PMID 16550200.
  2. ^ Sánchez-Paulete, AR; Cueto, FJ; et al. (2017). "Antigen cross-presentation and T-cell cross-priming in cancer immunology and immunotherapy". Ann Oncol. 28 (suppl_12): xii44–xii55. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx237. PMID 28945841.
  3. ^ Heath, WR; Carbone, FR (2001). "Cross-presentation in viral immunity and self-tolerance". Nat Rev Immunol. 1 (2): 126–34. doi:10.1038/35100512. PMID 11905820. S2CID 5666741.
  4. ^ Rock, KL (1996). "A new foreign policy: MHC class I molecules monitor the outside world". Immunol. Today. 17 (3): 131–7. doi:10.1016/0167-5699(96)80605-0. PMID 8820271.
  5. ^ Melief, CJ (2003). "Mini-review: Regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses by dendritic cells: peaceful coexistence of cross-priming and direct priming?". Eur J Immunol. 33 (10): 2645–54. doi:10.1002/eji.200324341. PMID 14515248.
  6. ^ Joffre, Olivier (July 2012). "Cross-presentation by dendritic cells" (PDF). Nature Reviews Immunology. 12 (8): 557–69. doi:10.1038/nri3254. PMID 22790179. S2CID 460907. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2018-03-05.