Cutibacterium acnes

Cutibacterium acnes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Actinomycetota
Class: Actinomycetia
Order: Propionibacteriales
Family: Propionibacteriaceae
Genus: Cutibacterium
Species:
C. acnes
Binomial name
Cutibacterium acnes
Scholz and Kilian, 2016[1][2]
Subspecies
Synonyms
  • "Bacillus acnes" Gilchrist 1900
  • Propionibacterium acnes (Gilchrist 1900) Douglas and Gunter 1946 (Approved Lists 1980)

Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes)[1][2][3][4] is the relatively slow-growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium (rod) linked to the skin condition of acne;[5] it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis,[6] the latter particularly following intraocular surgery. Its genome has been sequenced and a study has shown several genes can generate enzymes for degrading skin and proteins that may be immunogenic (activating the immune system).[7]

The species is largely commensal and part of the skin flora present on most healthy adult humans' skin.[8] It is usually just barely detectable on the skin of healthy preadolescents. It lives, among other things, primarily on fatty acids in sebum secreted by sebaceous glands in the follicles. It may also be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.[9]

Originally identified as Bacillus acnes,[10] it was later named Propionibacterium acnes for its ability to generate propionic acid.[11] In 2016, P. acnes was taxonomically reclassified as a result of biochemical and genomic studies. In terms of both phylogenetic tree structure and DNA G + C content, the cutaneous species was distinguishable from other species that had been previously categorized as P. acnes.[2][12] As part of restructuring, the novel genus Cutibacterium was created for the cutaneous species,[2] including those formerly identified as Propionibacterium acnes, Propionibacterium avidum, and Propionibacterium granulosum.[1] Characterization of phylotypes of C. acnes is an active field of research.[3][13][14]

  1. ^ a b c "Genus: Cutibacterium". Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-Date. DSMZ. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Scholz CF, Kilian M (November 2016). "The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (11): 4422–4432. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001367. PMID 27488827. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  3. ^ a b c Dréno B, Pécastaings S, Corvec S, Veraldi S, Khammari A, Roques C (June 2018). "Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 32 (Suppl 2): 5–14. doi:10.1111/jdv.15043. hdl:2434/620522. PMID 29894579.
  4. ^ "Genus Cutibacterium". LPSN. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  5. ^ Bhatia A, Maisonneuve JF, Persing DH (2004-01-01). Proprionibacterium acnes and Chronic Diseases. National Academies Press (US).
  6. ^ Dali P, Giugliano ER, Vellozzi EM, Smith MA (October 2001). "Susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes ophthalmic isolates to moxifloxacin". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 45 (10): 2969–70. doi:10.1128/AAC.45.10.2969-2970.2001. PMC 90767. PMID 11583007.
  7. ^ Liu J, Cheng A, Bangayan NJ, Barnard E, Curd E, Craft N, Li H (August 2014). "Draft Genome Sequences of Propionibacterium acnes Type Strain ATCC6919 and Antibiotic-Resistant Strain HL411PA1". Genome Announcements. 2 (4): e00740–14. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00740-14. PMC 4132614. PMID 25125638.
  8. ^ Brüggemann H, Henne A, Hoster F, Liesegang H, Wiezer A, Strittmatter A, et al. (July 2004). "The complete genome sequence of Propionibacterium acnes, a commensal of human skin". Science. 305 (5684): 671–3. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..671B. doi:10.1126/science.1100330. PMID 15286373. S2CID 26252335.
  9. ^ Perry A, Lambert P (December 2011). "Propionibacterium acnes: infection beyond the skin". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 9 (12): 1149–56. doi:10.1586/eri.11.137. PMID 22114965. S2CID 42012357.
  10. ^ Gilchrist TC (1900). "A bacteriological and microscopical study of over 300 vesicular and pustular lesions of the skin, with a research upon the etiology of acne vulgaris". Johns Hopkins Hospital Report. 9: 409–430.
  11. ^ Douglas HC, Gunter SE (July 1946). "The Taxonomic Position of Corynebacterium acnes". Journal of Bacteriology. 52 (1): 15–23. doi:10.1128/JB.52.1.15-23.1946. PMC 518134. PMID 16561149.
  12. ^ "Propionibacterium Cutibacterium - late breaking news and a new name". Shoulder Arthritis / Rotator Cuff Tears: causes of shoulder pain. April 2, 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  13. ^ Dagnelie MA, Khammari A, Dréno B, Corvec S (November 2018). "Cutibacterium acnes molecular typing: time to standardize the method". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 24 (11): 1149–1155. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.03.010. PMID 29544912. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
  14. ^ Zeller VA, Letembet VA, Meyssonnier VA, Heym B, Ziza JM, Marmor SD (July 2018). "Cutibacterium (Formerly Propionibacterium) avidum: A Rare but Avid Agent of Prosthetic Hip Infection". The Journal of Arthroplasty. 33 (7): 2246–2250. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.008. PMID 29544969. S2CID 3916758. Retrieved 17 August 2018.