Cyclophosphamide

Cyclophosphamide
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌsaɪkloʊˈfɒsfəˌmaɪd, -lə-/[1][2]
Trade namesLyophilized Cytoxan, Endoxan, Cytoxan, Neosar, Procytox, Revimmune, Cycloblastin
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682080
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
Routes of
administration		By mouth, by injection into a vein
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • CA: ℞-only
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: ℞-only
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability>75% (by mouth)
Protein binding>60%
MetabolismLiver
Elimination half-life3–12 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1,3,2-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine 2-oxide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.015 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC7H15Cl2N2O2P
Molar mass261.08 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point2 °C (36 °F)
  • O=P1(OCCCN1)N(CCCl)CCCl
  • InChI=1S/C7H15Cl2N2O2P/c8-2-5-11(6-3-9)14(12)10-4-1-7-13-14/h1-7H2,(H,10,12) checkY
  • Key:CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Cyclophosphamide (CP), also known as cytophosphane among other names,[3] is a medication used as chemotherapy and to suppress the immune system.[4] As chemotherapy it is used to treat lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma.[4] As an immune suppressor it is used in nephrotic syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and following organ transplant, among other conditions.[4][5] It is taken by mouth or injection into a vein.[4]

Most people develop side effects.[4] Common side effects include low white blood cell counts, loss of appetite, vomiting, hair loss, and bleeding from the bladder.[4] Other severe side effects include an increased future risk of cancer, infertility, allergic reactions, and pulmonary fibrosis.[4] Cyclophosphamide is in the alkylating agent and nitrogen mustard family of medications.[4] It is believed to work by interfering with the duplication of DNA and the creation of RNA.[4]

Cyclophosphamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1959.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6]

  1. ^ "cyclophosphamide – definition of cyclophosphamide in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  2. ^ "cyclophosphamide". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
  3. ^ "NCI Drug Dictionary". National Cancer Institute. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Cyclophosphamide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  5. ^ Pagnoux C (September 2016). "Updates in ANCA-associated vasculitis". European Journal of Rheumatology. 3 (3): 122–133. doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0043. PMC 5058451. PMID 27733943.
  6. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.