Tribe of wasps
Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps . These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae .[ 1] They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps .[ 2]
It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936[ 3] to 1000[ 2] recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks.[ 2] The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic .[ 3]
Cynipini wasps can act as ecosystem engineers . Their galls can become hosts of inquilines , and the wasps themselves are hosts to parasitoids .[ 4]
Most of these wasps undergo cyclical parthenogenesis , sometimes reproducing sexually , and sometimes producing young without fertilization.[ 2]
[ 5]
^ Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., et al. (2009). Revision and phylogenetics of the genus Paraulax Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species. Zootaxa 2200 1-40.
^ a b c d Melika, G., et al. (2013). A new genus of oak gallwasp, Cyclocynips Melika, Tang & Sinclair (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with descriptions of two new species from Taiwan. Zootaxa 3630(3), 534-48.
^ a b Medianero, E. and J. L. Nieves-Aldrey. (2013). Barucynips panamensis , a new genus and species of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) from Panama, and description of one new species of Coffeikokkos . ZooKeys (277), 25-46.
^ Hayward, Alex; Stone, Graham (2005-10-05). "Oak gall wasp communities: Evolution and ecology" . Basic and Applied Ecology . 6 (5): 435–443. doi :10.1016/j.baae.2005.07.003 .
^ Stone, Graham N.; Schönrogge, Karsten; Atkinson, Rachel J.; Bellido, David; Pujade-Villar, Juli (January 2002). "The Population Biology of Oak Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)" . Annual Review of Entomology . 47 (1): 633–668. doi :10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145247 . PMID 11729087 . Retrieved 2021-09-13 .