Dactinomycin

Dactinomycin
Clinical data
Trade namesCosmegen
Other namesActinomycin D
2-Amino- 4,6-dimethyl- 3-oxo- 3H-phenoxazine- 1,9-dicarboxylic acid bis- [(5,12-diisopropyl- 9,13,16-trimethyl- 4,7,11,14,17-pentaoxo- hexadecahydro- 10-oxa- 3a,6,13,16-tetraaza- cyclopentacyclohexadecen- 8-yl)- amide]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682224
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: D
Routes of
administration		IV
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding5%
Metabolismhepatic
Elimination half-life36 hours
ExcretionBile[1]
Identifiers
  • 2-Amino-N,N′- bis[(6S,9R,10S,13R,18aS)-6,13-diisopropyl-2,5,9-trimethyl-1,4,7,11,14-pentaoxohexadecahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-i][1,4,7,10,13]oxatetraazacyclohexadecin-10-yl]-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-3H-phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.058 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC62H86N12O16
Molar mass1255.438 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc1c2oc3c(C)ccc(C(O)=N[C@@H]4C(O)=N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N5CCC[C@H]5C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]4C)c3nc-2c(C(O)=N[C@@H]2C(O)=N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N(C)CC(=O)N(C)[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C)c(N)c1=O
  • InChI=1S/C62H86N12O16/c1-27(2)42-59(84)73-23-17-19-36(73)57(82)69(13)25-38(75)71(15)48(29(5)6)61(86)88-33(11)44(55(80)65-42)67-53(78)35-22-21-31(9)51-46(35)64-47-40(41(63)50(77)32(10)52(47)90-51)54(79)68-45-34(12)89-62(87)49(30(7)8)72(16)39(76)26-70(14)58(83)37-20-18-24-74(37)60(85)43(28(3)4)66-56(45)81/h21-22,27-30,33-34,36-37,42-45,48-49H,17-20,23-26,63H2,1-16H3,(H,65,80)(H,66,81)(H,67,78)(H,68,79)/t33-,34-,36+,37+,42-,43-,44+,45+,48+,49+/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:RJURFGZVJUQBHK-IIXSONLDSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Dactinomycin, also known as actinomycin D, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.[2] This includes Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, trophoblastic neoplasm, testicular cancer, and certain types of ovarian cancer.[2] It is given by injection into a vein.[2]

Most people develop side effects.[2] Common side effects include bone marrow suppression, vomiting, mouth ulcers, hair loss, liver problems, infections, and muscle pains.[2] Other serious side effects include future cancers, allergic reactions, and tissue death if extravasation occurs.[2] Use in pregnancy may harm the baby.[2] Dactinomycin is in the cytotoxic antibiotic family of medications.[3] It is believed to work by blocking the creation of RNA.[2]

Dactinomycin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964.[2] It is on the 2023 World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4]

  1. ^ Kwok KK, Vincent EC, Gibson JN (2017). Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry. Mosby. pp. 530–562. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-39307-2.00036-9.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Dactinomycin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  3. ^ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 582. ISBN 9780857111562.
  4. ^ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.