| Demographics of Cuba | |
|---|---|
 Cuba population pyramid (2020) | |
| Population | 10 055 968 (2023) |
| Density | 237 hab./sq mi 91.5 hab./sq km (2023) |
| Growth rate | −0.79% (2002-2022) |
| Birth rate | 8.6/1,000 inhabitants (2022 est.) |
| Death rate | 10.8 deaths/1,000 inhabitants (2022 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 78.0 years (2013 est.) |
| • male | 75.8 years (2013 est.) |
| • female | 80.4 years (2013 est.) |
| Fertility rate | 1.41 children/women (2022 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.76 deaths/1000 live births (2013 est.) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 15.74% (2021 est.) |
| 15–64 years | 68.53% (2021 est.) |
| 65 and over | 15.73% (2021 est.) |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.99 (2013 est.) |
| At birth | 1.06 (2013 est.) |
| Under 15 | 1.06 (2013 est.) |
| 15–64 years | 1.01 (2013 est.) |
| 65 and over | 0.82 (2013 est.) |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Cuban |
| Major ethnic | |
| Minor ethnic | Multiracial (26.6%) African (9.6%) |
| Language | |
| Official | Spanish |
| Spoken | Lucumí |
The demographic characteristics of Cuba are known through census which have been conducted and analyzed by different bureaus since 1774. The National Office of Statistics of and Information of Cuba (ONEI) is doing it since 1953. The most recent census was conducted in September 2012. The population of Cuba at the 2012 census was nearly 11.2 million.
Nevertheless, in July 2024, Juan Carlos Alfonso Fraga, deputy head of the ONEI, presented data on Cuba's effective population to the deputies. According to ONEI data, as of December 31, 2023, the effective Cuban population was 10,055,968 people.[2]
According to the 2012 census, the population density at that time was 101 inhabitants per square kilometer, and the overall life expectancy in Cuba was 78.0 years. The population has always increased from one census to the next in the 20th century, with the exception of the 2012 census, when the count decreased by 10,000. The 2024 data by ONEI seems to corroborate that trend.
Since 1740, Cuba's birth rate has surpassed its death rate; the natural growth rate of the country is positive. Cuba is in the fourth stage of demographic transition. In terms of age structure, the population is dominated (71.1%) by the 15- to 64-year-old segment. The median age of the population is 39.5, making it the oldest in the Americas, and the gender ratio of the total population is 0.99 males per female.
- ^ "Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ^ "Cuba en datos: Hoy somos menos de 10 millones de cubanos residentes". Cubadebate. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.