Demographics of Macau

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Demographics of Macau
Population pyramid of Macau in 2020
Population	635,293 (2022 est.)
Growth rate	0.75% (2022 est.)
Birth rate	5.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate	4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Life expectancy	84.98 years
• male	82.09 years
• female	88.02 years
Fertility rate	0.58 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Infant mortality rate	4.59 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate	3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years	14.41%
15–64 years	70.73%
65 and over	14.86%
Sex ratio
Total	0.9 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth	1.05 male(s)/female
Under 15	1.05 male(s)/female
65 and over	0.74 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality	Chinese
Major ethnic	Han Chinese (88.7%)
Language
Spoken	Cantonese (80.1%)

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Demographic features of the population of Macau include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Macau's population is 95% Chinese, primarily Cantonese and some Hakka, both from the nearby Guangdong Province. The majority of the remainder are of Portuguese or mixed Chinese-Portuguese ancestry. Some Japanese, including descendants of Japanese Catholics who were expelled by shōguns, also live in Macau.

The official languages are Portuguese and Cantonese Chinese. The residents commonly (85.7%) speak Cantonese, Mandarin is spoken by 3.2% at home, about 40% are able to communicate in standard Mandarin. English and Portuguese are spoken as a first language by 1.5% and 0.6% respectively, while English is widely taught as a second language. The other popular topolect is Hokkien (Min Nan), spoken by a small percentage of the population. The creole Macanese language (Patuá or Macaista Chapado) is almost extinct.