| Demographics of Minnesota | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid in 2019 | |
| Population |  5,717,184 (2022) |
| Density | 27.81/km2 (72.0/sq mi) |
| Birth rate |  11.2 per 1,000 (2020) |
| Death rate | 9.2 per 1,00000 (2020) |
| Life expectancy | 79.1 years (2020) |
| • male | 76.8 years of age (2020)[1] |
| • female | 81.4 years of age (2020) |
| Fertility rate | 58.6/1,000 women 15-44 (2021) |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.0/1,000 live births (2021) |
The demographics of Minnesota are tracked by the United States Census Bureau, with additional data gathered by the Minnesota State Demographic Center.[2][3] According to the most recent estimates, Minnesota's population as of 2020 was approximately 5.7 million, making it the 22nd most populous state in the United States.[4] The total fertility rate in Minnesota was roughly 1.87 in 2019, slightly below the replacement rate of 2.1.
For decades, Minnesota has been characterized by a higher number of births than deaths. The state has seen significant population growth in the past century, both through natural increase and immigration. In 2020, approximately 8% of the population was foreign-born.[5]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Minnesota was a significant destination for European immigrants, especially from Germany, Norway, and Sweden. In more recent years, the state has become a new home for refugees and immigrants from Latin America, East Africa (especially Somalia), and Southeast Asia (primarily Hmong and Vietnamese communities).[5]
The population of Minnesota is not only diverse in terms of birthplace and ancestry but also in terms of age and socioeconomic status. Minnesota boasts a well-educated populace, with one of the highest high school graduation rates in the nation and a robust system of public and private colleges and universities. With a median household income of around $70,000 in 2019, Minnesota is a predominantly middle-class state. However, income disparities and child poverty rates have been persistent issues, reflecting broader national trends.
As of 2020, Minnesota was among the top states in the nation for life expectancy, health care access, and quality of life. The state's robust healthcare system and progressive social policies contribute to these rankings.[6] Furthermore, Minnesota is known for its commitment to environmental stewardship and outdoor recreation, with numerous state parks, forests, and water bodies. However, the state faces challenges related to aging infrastructure, racial disparities, and environmental sustainability.
- ^ "Minimum Wage Frequently Asked Questions".
- ^ "What We Do". Census.gov. September 15, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ^ "Minnesota State Demographic Center (SDC) / MN State Demographic Center". MN State Demographic Center. April 13, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ^ "MINNESOTA: 2020 Census". Retrieved December 27, 2021.
- ^ a b "Immigration & Language". Minnesota State Demographic Center. Retrieved June 27, 2023.
- ^ "Mapping America". Measure of America. Retrieved July 3, 2023.