Demographics of Paris

Parts of this article (those related to Statistics) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2018)

Demographics within the Paris Region
(according to the INSEE 2008 census)

Note that the map above is outdated. It shows the extent of the urban and metropolitan areas of Paris at the 1999 census.
Île-de-France departments
Areas	Population 2008 census	Area	Density	1999-2008 pop. growth
City of Paris (department 75)	2,211,297	105 km2 (41 sq mi)	20,169/km2 (52,240/sq mi)	+0.45%/year
Inner ring (Petite couronne) (Depts. 92, 93, 94)	4,366,961	657 km2 (254 sq mi)	6,647/km2 (17,220/sq mi)	+0.89%/year
Outer ring (Grande couronne) (Depts. 77, 78, 91, 95)	5,081,002	11,250 km2 (4,344 sq mi)	452/km2 (1,170/sq mi)	+0.68%/year
Île-de-France (entire region)	11,659,260	12,012 km2 (4,638 sq mi)	971/km2 (2,510/sq mi)	+0.71%/year
Statistical Areas (INSEE 2008 census)
Areas	Population 2008 census	Area	Density	1999-2008 pop. growth
Urban area (Paris agglomeration)	10,354,675	2,844.8 km2 (1,098 sq mi)	3,640/km2 (9,400/sq mi)	+0.70%/year
Metropolitan area	12,089,098	17,174.4 km2 (6,631 sq mi)	704/km2 (1,820/sq mi)	+0.71%/year

The city of Paris (also called the Commune or Department of Paris) had a population of 2,165,423 people within its administrative city limits as of January 1, 2019.^[1] It is surrounded by the Paris unité urbaine, or urban area, the most populous urban area in the European Union. In 2018 the unité urbaine had a population of 10,816,803 in 2,854 km² (1,102 sq mi).^[2] The Paris Region, or Île-de-France, covers 12,012 km² (4,638 sq mi), and has its own regional council and president. It has a population of 12,213,447 as of January 2018, or 18.3 percent of the population of France.^[2] The metropolitan or functional area (aire d'attraction) of Paris covers 18,941 km² (7,313 sq mi) and has 13,064,617 inhabitants (2018).^[2]

The population of the city of Paris reached a historic high of 2.9 million in 1921 but then declined; between 1954 and 1999 it declined at every census, falling to 2,125,246 in 1999.^[3] After that it began to climb again, reaching 2,240,621 in 2012, but falling to 2,187,526 in 2017.^[4]

The city's population loss reflected the experience of most other core cities in the developed world that have not expanded their boundaries. The principal factors in the process were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included deindustrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss was one of the most severe among international municipalities and the largest for any that had achieved more than 2,000,000 residents. Since then, an influx of younger residents and immigrants has contributed to the growth of the city.