| Demographics of Russia | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Russia as of 1 January 2024 | |
| Population |  146,150,800 (January 2024)[1] |
| Growth rate | -0.38% (2022)[2] |
| Birth rate | 8.7 births/1,000 population (2023)[3] |
| Death rate |  12 deaths/1,000 population (2023) |
| Life expectancy | 70.06 years (2021)[4] |
| • male | 65.51 years (2021)[4] |
| • female | 74.51 years (2021)[4] |
| Fertility rate | 1.41 (2023) |
| Infant mortality rate | 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[4] |
| Net migration rate | 0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)[4] |
| Age structure | |
| Under 18 years | ~23.21%[5] |
| 18–44 years | ~34.73%[5] |
| 45–64 years | 26.55%[5] |
| 65 and over | 15.6%[5] |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.86 male(s)/female (2009) |
| At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.06 male(s)/female (male 11,980,138/female 11,344,818) |
| 15–64 years | 0.925 male(s)/female (male 48,166,470/female 52,088,967) |
| 65 and over | 0.44 male(s)/female (male 5,783,983/female 13,105,896) |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | noun: Russian(s) adjective: Russian |
| Major ethnic | Russians (71.73%)[6][7] |
| Minor ethnic | |
| Language | |
| Official | Russian |
| Spoken | Languages of Russia |
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 9,000,000 | — |
| 1000 | 9,000,000 | +0.00% |
| 1200 | 14,500,000 | +0.24% |
| 1500 | 14,700,000 | +0.00% |
| 1600 | 18,000,000 | +0.20% |
| 1700 | 18,000,000 | +0.00% |
| 1800 | 25,000,000 | +0.33% |
| 1900 | 73,000,000 | +1.08% |
| 1926 | 93,000,000 | +0.94% |
| 1930 | 100,000,000 | +1.83% |
| 1960 | 119,000,000 | +0.58% |
| 1970 | 130,079,000 | +0.89% |
| 1979 | 137,552,000 | +0.62% |
| 1989 | 147,386,000 | +0.69% |
| 2000 | 146,597,000 | −0.05% |
| 2010 | 142,849,000 | −0.26% |
| 2021 | 144,700,000 | +0.12% |
| Source:[8][9][10][failed verification][11] | ||
As of the 2021 census, the population of Russia was 147.2 million.[12] It is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world, with a population density of 8.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (22 inhabitants/sq mi).[13] As of 2020, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 71.54 years (66.49 years for males and 76.43 years for females).[4]
From 1992 to 2012, and again since 2016, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth rate, which has been called a demographic crisis by analysts.[14] Consequently, the nation has an ageing population, with the median age of the country being 40.3 years.[15] In 2009, Russia recorded annual population growth for the first time in fifteen years; during the mid-2010s, Russia had seen increased population growth due to declining death rates, increased birth rates and increased immigration.[16] Between 2020 and 2021, prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia's population had undergone its largest peacetime decline in recorded history, due to excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic.[17] In addition, at least 1 million Russians fled the country as a result of the invasion, though a similar number of children have been abducted from Ukraine to bolster the Russian population.
Russia is a multinational state,[18] home to over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. In the 2021 Census, nearly 72% of the population were ethnic Russians and approximately 19% of the population were ethnic minorities.[fn 1][19] According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the world's third largest, numbering over 11.6 million; most of whom are from other post-Soviet states.[20]
- ^ "Численность населения России на 2024: ежедневный счетчик". Инфляцио.РУ (in Russian). Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ^ "Население России за год сократилось на 555 тыс. человек". РБК (in Russian). 1 February 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2023". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Russia Demographics 2020 (Population, Age, Sex, Trends) – Worldometer". www.worldometers.info.
- ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- ^ "5 Million Fewer Than in 2010, Ethnic Russians Make Up Only 72 Percent of Russia's Population". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 20, no. 6. The Jamestown Foundation. 10 January 2023. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023.
And, in turn, this decline means that the share of that country's population identifying as ethnic Russian fell from 77.71 percent in the 2010 census to 71.73 percent in the current one..
- ^ "Russia Population 0 to 1800 – Our World in Data". www.ourworldindata.org.
- ^ "RUSSIA: historical demographical data of the whole country". Populstat.info. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2020 года и в среднем за 2019 год [Preliminary estimated population as of 1 January 2020 and on the average for 2019] (XLS). Rosstat (in Russian).
- ^ "Population of Russia 2022 | Religion in Russia | Find Easy". Findeasy.in. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "Population density (people per sq. km of land area)". The World Bank. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Koehn, Jodi (5 February 2001). "Russia's Demographic Crisis". Kennan Institute. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
- ^ "Russia". The World Factbook. 7 February 2020.
- ^ Foltynova, Kristyna (19 June 2020). "Migrants Welcome: Is Russia Trying To Solve Its Demographic Crisis By Attracting Foreigners?". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
Russia has been trying to boost fertility rates and reduce death rates for several years now. Special programs for families have been implemented, anti-tobacco campaigns have been organized, and raising the legal age to buy alcohol was considered. However, perhaps the most successful strategy so far has been attracting migrants, whose arrival helps Russia to compensate population losses.
- ^ Saver, Pjotr (13 October 2021). "Russia's population undergoes largest ever peacetime decline, analysis shows". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
Russia's natural population has undergone its largest peacetime decline in recorded history over the last 12 months...
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
multinationalwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^
- "Russia's population nightmare is going to get even worse". The Economist. 4 March 2023. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023.
The decline was largest among ethnic Russians, whose number, the census of 2021 said, fell by 5.4m in 2010–21. Their share of the population fell from 78% to 72%.
- "5 Million Fewer Than in 2010, Ethnic Russians Make Up Only 72 Percent of Russia's Population". Eurasia Daily Monitor. Vol. 20, no. 6. The Jamestown Foundation. 10 January 2023. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023.
And, in turn, this decline means that the share of that country's population identifying as ethnic Russian fell from 77.71 percent in the 2010 census to 71.73 percent in the current one..
- Sidorov, Harun (7 January 2023). ""Русский мир" Путина и "кот Шредингера"" [Putin's "Russian World" and "Schrödinger's cat"]. idelreal.org (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 January 2023.
- "Национальный состав населения" (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
- "Russia's population nightmare is going to get even worse". The Economist. 4 March 2023. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
immigrantswas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=fn> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=fn}} template (see the help page).