| Demographics of Singapore | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Singapore as of 2020 | |
| Population | 5,637,000 (2023)[1] |
| Birth rate | 8.6 births/1,000 population (2021)[1] |
| Death rate | 5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2021)[1] |
| Life expectancy |  83.0 years (2022)[1] |
| • male | 80.7 years (2022)[1] |
| • female | 85.3 years (2022)[1] |
| Fertility rate |  0.97 (2023)[1] |
| Infant mortality rate | 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2021)[1] |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 14.54% |
| 15–64 years | 70.26% |
| 65 and over | 15.20% |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singaporean |
| Major ethnic | Chinese, Malay, Indian, Eurasian |
| Language | |
| Official | English, Mandarin, Malay, Tamil |
| Spoken | English, Singlish, Mandarin, Malay, Tamil and others |
As of June 2023, the population of Singapore stands at 5.92 million.[2] Of these 5.92 million people, 4.15 million are residents, consisting of 3.61 million citizens and 540,000 permanent residents (PRs). The remaining 1.77 million people living in Singapore are classed as non-residents, a group consisting mainly of resident workers without political rights who are routinely excluded from official demographic statistics.
Singapore is a multiracial, multiethnic, and multicultural Asian society. Major religions include Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism. Its people are broadly organised under the CMIO (Chinese–Malay–Indian–Other) system of categorisation. Although Malays are recognised as the indigenous community,[3][4][5][6] 75.9% of the citizens and permanent resident visa holders are ethnic Chinese, with ethnic Malay and Indians comprising 15.0% and 7.5% respectively. Together, the three largest ethnic groups comprise 98.4% of the citizen population.[7] The remaining 1.6% comprises members of "Other" races, which comprises largely Eurasians. Despite long term occupancy, Singapore excludes 29% of the population as non-residents for the purpose of resident statistics.[7] Officially, mixed-race Singaporeans are often regarded as having the race of their father. However, race categorisation, for example on an individual's identity card, may also reflect both ethnicities of their parents.[8]
There are four official languages in Singapore: English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. Malay is the symbolic national language, while English is the main working language.[9] Education in Singapore is bilingual, with English being the medium of instruction. Students are also required to learn a second language, usually Malay, Mandarin, or Tamil.[10][11] Singlish, a local creole and accent, is often used in colloquial speech between all native races of Singapore. There is also Singdarin, a Mandarin creole.
The annual total population growth rate for the year 2020 was -0.3%.[12][13] Singapore's resident total fertility rate (TFR) was 1.10 in 2020; the Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian fertility rates were 0.94, 1.83 and 0.97 respectively.[14]
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Find Data". singstat.gov.sg. Department of Statistics Singapore. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "Populations Trend - Overview". National Population and Talent Division Singapore. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ "World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Singapore: Malays". Archived from the original on 19 October 2012.
- ^ Vasil, R K (2000). Governing Singapore: democracy and national development. Allen & Unwin. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-86508-211-0.
- ^ "Constitution of the Republic of Singapore". Attorney-General's Chambers of Singapore website. Part XIII Section 152(2). Archived from the original on 17 June 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ "Assessment for Malays in Singapore". Archived from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Census 2020" (PDF). Singapore Department of Statistics. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ Tay, Dawn (13 January 2010). "Mixed-race S'poreans can have double barrelled IC category". www.asiaone.com. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ Kishore Mahbubani (14 June 2014). "Big Idea No. 5: Speak the National Language". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018.
- ^ "English Language Syllabus 2010" (PDF). Ministry of Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ "Eyeing China, Singapore sees Mandarin as its future". Asiaone. Archived from the original on 4 November 2010.
- ^ Population Trends 2015 Archived 24 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine Department of Statistics, Singapore.
- ^ "Statistics Singapore – Population". Department of Statistics Singapore. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ "Statistics Singapore – Total Fertility Rate". Department of Statistics Singapore. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2021.