Dexmethylphenidate

Dexmethylphenidate
Clinical data
Trade namesFocalin, Focalin XR, others
Other namesd-threo-methylphenidate (D-TMP)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa603014
License data
Dependence
liability		Physical: None[medical citation needed]; Psychological: High
Routes of
administration		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability11–52%
Protein binding30%
MetabolismLiver
Elimination half-life4 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (R,R)-(+)-Methyl 2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H19NO2
Molar mass233.311 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C([C@@H]([C@@H]1NCCCC1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC

  • hydrochloride: Cl.[H][C@@](C(=O)OC)(C1=CC=CC=C1)[C@@]1([H])CCCCN1
  • InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3/t12-,13-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-CHWSQXEVSA-N checkY

  • hydrochloride: InChI=1S/C14H19NO2.ClH/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12;/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3;1H/t12-,13-;/m1./s1
  • Key:JUMYIBMBTDDLNG-OJERSXHUSA-N
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Dexmethylphenidate, sold under the brand name Focalin among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in those over the age of five years.[3] It is taken by mouth.[3] The immediate release formulation lasts up to five hours while the extended release formulation lasts up to twelve hours.[4] It is the more active enantiomer of methylphenidate.[3]

Common side effects include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and fever.[3] Serious side effects may include psychosis, sudden cardiac death, mania, anaphylaxis, seizures, and dangerously prolonged erection.[3] Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear.[5] Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.[6][3] How it works in ADHD is unclear.[3]

Dexmethylphenidate was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001.[1] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In 2022, it was the 109th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5 million prescriptions.[7][8]

  1. ^ a b "Focalin- dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 24 June 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Focalin XR FDA label was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  4. ^ Mosby's Drug Reference for Health Professions - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. p. 455. ISBN 9780323187602.
  5. ^ "Dexmethylphenidate Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Moen2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  8. ^ "Dexmethylphenidate Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.