Direct, indirect, and induced employment

Investments into an industry or project can produce temporary and long-term employment. The resulting jobs are typically categorized as being one of three types. A direct job is employment created to fulfill the demand for a product or service.[1] An indirect job is a job that exists to produce the goods and services needed by the workers with direct jobs.[1][2] Indirect employment includes the things need direct on the job as well as jobs produced because of the worker's needs (e.g., uniforms). Employment created by the additional personal spending (e.g., eating at a restaurant) by both direct and indirect workers is classified as an induced job.

Projects may produce temporary and long-term jobs.[1] Construction and installation jobs may be temporary. Operations and maintenance jobs tend to be long term.

  1. ^ a b c Estache, Antonio; Ianchovichina, Elena; Bacon, Robert; Salamon, Ilhem (2013-02-20). Infrastructure and Employment Creation in the Middle East and North Africa. World Bank Publications. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8213-9666-7.
  2. ^ UNESCO (2016-02-29). The United Nations world water development report 2016: water and jobs. UNESCO Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 978-92-3-100146-8.