Disorder of written expression

Disorder of written expression
Example of handwriting in an adult with dysgraphia, a disorder of written expression.
SpecialtyNeurology

Disorder of written expression is a type of learning disability in which a person's writing ability falls substantially below normally expected range based on the individual's age, educational background, and measured intelligence. Poor writing skills must interfere significantly with academic progress or daily activities that involves written expression[1] (spelling, grammar, handwriting, punctuation, word usage, etc.).[2] This disorder is also generally concurrent with disorders of reading and/or mathematics, as well as disorders related to behavior. Since it is so often associated with other learning disorders and mental problems, it is uncertain whether it can appear by itself;[3] and dysgraphia can be considered to be a specific form of the disorder.[4] The prevalence of disorder of written expression is estimated to be of a similar frequency to other learning disorders, between 3 - 5%.[citation needed] A diagnosis can be made based on results of several assessments.[5]

  1. ^ "A 15 Disorder of Written Expression". American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Development. American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  2. ^ "Disorder of Written Expression". Psych Central. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  3. ^ "Written Expression Learning Disorder (Overview)". Medscape Reference. WebMD LLC. 28 January 2022.
  4. ^ Dimauro, G.; Bevilacqua, V.; Colizzi, L.; Pierro, D. Di (2020). "TestGraphia, a Software System for the Early Diagnosis of Dysgraphia". IEEE Access. 8: 19564–19575. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968367. ISSN 2169-3536.
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