Domenico Gagliardi (c. 1660 – c. 1735) was an Italian physician and anatomist. He may have served as a professor of anatomy at Rome (but his name is not listed) and served as chief physician (protomedicus) to four Popes. He studied the structure of bones, dissolving the structures, and observing them under a microscope as described in his 1689 book Anatome ossium novis inventis illustrata.