Dong Fang Hong 1

Dong Fang Hong 1
DFH-1 satellite
NamesThe East is Red 1
China 1
PRC 1
Mission typeTechnology demonstration
OperatorCAST
COSPAR ID1970-034A Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.04382
Mission duration19 days (achieved)
54 years, 6 months and 20 days
(in orbit)
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerCASC
Launch mass173 kg (381 lb)[1]
Dimensions1 m (3 ft 3 in) of diameter
Start of mission
Launch date24 April 1970, 13:35:45 GMT[2]
RocketChang Zheng 1
Launch siteJiuquan, LA-5020
ContractorChina Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology
Entered service24 April 1970
End of mission
Last contact14 May 1970
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[1]
RegimeMedium Earth orbit
Perigee altitude441 km (274 mi)
Apogee altitude2,286 km (1,420 mi)
Inclination68.42°
Period114.09 minutes
DFH-1 model satellite
Dong Fang Hong 1 broadcasting "East is Red" and telemetry data

Dong Fang Hong 1 (simplified Chinese: 东方红一号; traditional Chinese: 東方紅一號; pinyin: Dōngfānghóng Yīhào; lit. 'The East is Red no.1'), in the western world also known as China 1 or PRC 1,[3] was the first space satellite of the People's Republic of China (PRC), launched successfully on 24 April 1970 as part of the PRC's Dongfanghong space satellite program. It was a part of the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" program. At 173 kg (381 lb), it was heavier than the first satellites of other countries. The satellite carried a radio transmitter which broadcast the then de facto national anthem of the same name. The broadcast lasted for 20 days while in orbit.

It was developed under the direction of Qian Xuesen, dean of the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST). At the time, a total of five identical satellites were created. The first satellite launched successfully. The academy formulated a "Three-Satellite Plan" consisting of Dongfanghong 1, re-entry satellites, and geosynchronous orbit communications satellites. Sun Jiadong was responsible for the Dongfanghong 1 technology. In 1967, Dang Hongxin chose a copper antenna membrane that resolved the difficulties of broadcasting on an ultra-short wave antenna between 100 °C and −100 °C. Engineers installed a music player playing "The East is Red" on the satellite.

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Display was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference launchlog was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Louis de Gouyon Matignon (20 March 2019). "Dong Fang Hong I, the First Chinese Satellite". Space Legal Issues. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.