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China was alleged to have conducted a state-sanctioned doping operation in the 1980s and 1990s by former General Administration of Sport physician Xue Yinxian.[1] The World Anti-Doping Agency investigated these allegations and found no evidence to corroborate them.[2] Other allegations of doping have focused on swimmers[3] and track and field athletes, such as those taught by Ma Junren (the Ma Family Army).[4][5] In the Olympics, China has been stripped of a total of three gold medals for doping; all were weightlifters competing in the 2008 Summer Olympics.[6] Eleven Chinese athletes were stripped of medals for doping at the 1994 Asian Games.[7] China's doping has been attributed to a number of factors, such as the exchange of culture and technology with foreign countries.[8] Some scholars believe that the country has become the focus of Western anti-doping condemnation in place of East Germany and other former Eastern Bloc countries.[9]
- ^ "'They Have Ruined My Family'". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
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Williamswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "China's swimmers racing to escape country's doping past". Reuters. 19 July 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
China's swimming programme has seen its reputation tarnished by a series of scandals, most notably when one female swimmer was caught with 13 vials of human growth hormone at Sydney airport ahead of the 1998 world championships in Perth.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "中国"马家军"昔日联名信曝光禁药丑闻 国际田联称将调查其真实性" [China's "Ma Family Army" past joint letter exposes doping scandal, IAAF says it will investigate its authenticity]. Reuters. 5 February 2016. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
- ^ "3 Chinese weightlifters lose 2008 Olympic titles for doping". Associated Press. 12 January 2017. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
for doping at their home 2008 Beijing Games
- ^ Longman, Jere (18 December 1994). "Drug Sleuths' Surprise Produces a Breakthrough". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 April 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
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