Dost Mohammad Khan | |
|---|---|
 Dost Mohammad Khan, Nawab of Bhopal 19th century | |
| Nawab of Bhopal | |
| Reign | 1707–March 1728 |
| Predecessor | None (position established) |
| Successor | Sultan Muhammad Khan (with Yar Mohammad Khan as regent) |
| Native name | دوست محمد خان ميرزئی خېل |
| Born | 1657 Tirah, Kabul Subah, Mughal Empire |
| Died | March 1728 (aged 71) Bhopal, Bhopal State |
| Buried | Fatehgarh, Bhopal 23°16′N 77°24′E / 23.26°N 77.4°E |
| Noble family | Mirazi Khel of Orakzai tribe |
| Spouse(s) | Mehraz Bibi Fateh Bibi Taj Bibi |
| Father | Nur Mohammad Khan |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  Mughal Empire |
| Service | Nawab of Bhopal |
| Rank | Sowar, Faujdar, Subadar |
| Battles / wars | Mughal-Maratha Wars |
Dost Mohammad Khan (c. 1657–1728) was the founder of Bhopal State in central India.[1] He founded the modern city of Bhopal,[2] the capital of the modern day Madhya Pradesh state.[3]
An Afghan[4][5] from Tirah, Dost Mohammad Khan joined the Mughal Army at Delhi in 1703. He rapidly rose through the ranks, and was assigned to the Malwa province in Central India. After the death of the Emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing mercenary services to several local chieftains in the politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on the lease of Berasia estate, while serving the small Rajput principality of Mangalgarh as a mercenary. He invited his Pashtun kinsmen to Malwa to create a group of loyal associates.[6] Khan successfully protected Mangalgarh from its other Rajput neighbors, married into its royal family, and took over the state after the death of its heirless dowager Rani.[7]
Khan sided with the local Rajput chiefs of Malwa in a rebellion against the Mughal Empire. Defeated and wounded in the ensuing battle, he ended up helping an injured Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan Barha, one of the Sayyid brothers. This helped him gain the friendship of the Sayyid brothers, who had become highly influential king-makers in the Mughal court. Subsequently, Khan annexed several territories in Malwa to his state. Khan also provided mercenary services to the Rani Kamlapati, the ruler of a small Gond kingdom, and received the territory of Bhopal (then a small village) in lieu of payment. After the Rani's death, he killed her son and annexed the Gond kingdom.[8] During the early 1720s, he transformed the village of Bhopal into a fortified city, and claimed the title of Nawab, which was used by the Muslim rulers of princely states in India.[9]
Khan's support to the Sayyid Brothers earned him the enmity of the rival Mughal nobleman Nizam-ul-Mulk. The Nizam invaded Bhopal in March 1724, forcing Khan to cede much of his territory, give away his son as hostage and accept the Nizam's suzerainty.[6] In his final years, Khan sought inspiration from Sufi mystics and saints, veering towards spiritualism. He and the other Pashtuns who settled in Bhopal during his reign, brought the Pashtun and Islamic influence to the culture and architecture of Bhopal.
At its zenith, the Bhopal State comprised a territory of around 7,000 square miles (18,000 km2).[10] Nearly a century after Khan's death, the state became a British protectorate in 1818, and was ruled by the descendants of Dost Mohammad Khan till 1949, when it was merged with the Dominion of India.
- ^ John Falconer; James Waterhouse (2009). The Waterhouse albums: central Indian provinces. Mapin. ISBN 978-81-89995-30-0.
- ^ "The remarkable Begums who defied patriarchal norms to rule Bhopal for more than a century". 3 June 2019.
- ^ Fodor's India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, 1984. Fodor's. 1984. p. 383. ISBN 978-0-679-01013-5.
- ^ "Bhopal". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ^ Waltraud Ernst; Biswamoy Pati, eds. (2007). India's princely states: people, princes and colonialism. Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia (Volume 45) (illustrated ed.). Routledge. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-415-41541-5.
- ^ a b William Hough (1845). A brief history of the Bhopal principality in Central India. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. pp. 1–4. OCLC 16902742.
- ^ Kamla Mittal (1990). History of Bhopal State. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 2. OCLC 551527788.
- ^ Jogendra Prasad Singh; Anita Dharmajog (1998). City planning in India: a study of land use of Bhopal. Mittal Publications. pp. 28–33. ISBN 978-81-7099-705-4.
- ^ Somerset Playne; R. V. Solomon; J. W. Bond; Arnold Wright (1922). Arnold Wright (ed.). Indian states: a biographical, historical, and administrative survey (illustrated, reprint ed.). Asian Educational Services. p. 57. ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4.
- ^ Shaharyar M. Khan (2000). The Begums of Bhopal (illustrated ed.). I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–29. ISBN 978-1-86064-528-0.