Downland, chalkland, chalk downs or just downs are areas of open chalk hills, such as the North Downs. This term is used to describe the characteristic landscape in southern England where chalk is exposed at the surface.[1] The name "downs" is derived from the Celtic word "dun", meaning "fort" or "fastness" (and by extension "fortified settlement", from which it entered English as "town", similar to Germanic "burg"/"burough"), though the original meaning would have been "hill", as early forts were commonly hillforts - compare Germanic "burg" (fort) and "berg" (mountain).[2]
- ^ Bettey, J. (2002). "1. Downlands". In Thirsk, J. (ed.). Rural England: An Illustrated History of the Landscape. Oxford University Press. pp. 27–49. ISBN 9780198606192.
- ^ "down". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 9 October 2020.