Draft:Diana Walstad

Diana Walstad is a trained microbiologist with a career in medical and biological research at the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Science. She is notable for her contributions to the science and hobby of aquarium keeping, where she pioneered a natural, plant-centric approach to fish keeping. This approach emphasizes:

1. Inclusion of a soil substrate that is layered underneath gravel or sand.

2. Establishment of a rich colony of plants as the primary means of filtering toxins and heavy metals from the aquarium's water.

3. Plant nutrients like nitrogen and carbon derived from excess fish food, tapwater, and the soil substrate.

4. Oxygenating the water through the use of plants that emerge from below the water's surface and increase gas exchange between the tank and the atmosphere.

5. The cultivation of plants that outcompete unwanted algae for essential nutrients.

Aquariums that follow this general approach have come to be known as "low tech," "dirted," "el natural," "planted," or, most commonly, "Walstad" tanks.