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Nekolim is a neologism and concept introduced by Indonesian President Sukarno used to describe "the enforced conditions of imperial control without formal rule."[1] It derives from the combination of the terms neocolonialism, colonialism and imperialism (in Indonesian, spelled NEokolonialisme-KOLonialisme-IMperialisme).[2][3][4] This term was used by Sukarno in his speech at the 1960 Bandung Conference after Indonesia was liberated from Japanese occupation following World War II to describe imperial interests of Western powers, including the Netherlands and the United States.[1][5]
Qualities that distinguish nekolim from related concepts involve the intentional restructuring of a country in order to make it dependent upon a foreign power, often economically and culturally. Once this is achieved, force is not needed because independence becomes infeasible for the dominated country.[6] Likewise, nekolim leads to the establishment of puppet governments in exploited regions to remove the need for traditional military control of a country.[1] Sukarno's criticisms made of US involvement in Indonesia which he deemed to be "nekolim practices" are largely entailed by the modern understanding of the concept of neocolonialism.[7][1]
- ^ a b c d Bevins, Vincent (2020). The Jakarta Method: Washington's Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World. PublicAffairs. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-5417-2400-6.
- ^ Wardaya, Baskara T.; Adam, Asvi W.; Aditjondro, George J.; Setiawan, Hersri; Gusmian, Islah; Abdullah, Mudhorif (2007). Sick of the Mystery of Soeharto's Power. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. ISBN 978-979-23-9981-3.
- ^ Said, Umar. "Peranan Nekolim dalam Tragedi Nasional 1965". Umar Said (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-09-02.
- ^ Setiawan, Hersri (2003). Gusmian, Islah (ed.). GOESTOK Dictionary. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. ISBN 979-9341-81-7.
- ^ "Sukarno". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
- ^ Abdullah, Gamil (2010-06-27). "Mewaspadai Nekolim (Neo Kolonialisme)". Gamil Opinion. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
- ^ "Mengenal Neo-Kolonialisme". Berdikari Online. Retrieved 2 September 2024.