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| Submission declined on 29 April 2024 by Stuartyeates (talk). The lead needs to introduce the topic in a way that the general public will understand. Mention the century. Mention the current-day country.
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| The Second Huna Invasion | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Gupta–Hunnic Wars, Sasanian–Gupta conflicts and Gupta–Kushan conflicts | |||||||||
 Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
|
Hepthalites Kidarites (Kushans) Sasanians | Gupta Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
3 unknown Hepthalite kings (POW) &  (possibly)[7] | Skandagupta | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 300,000 Hepthalite soldiers (possibly)[8] | 200,000 men (possibly)[9] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Heavy losses for the Hepthalites[10] | unknown | ||||||||
Skandagupta, ruler of the Gupta Empire, faced the threat of invasion from the Indo-Hephthalites, also known as the Huns or White Huns or Hunas, who advanced into India from the northwest towards the latter part of the fifth century, reaching as far as the Indus River. Skandagupta engaged them in battle along the Indus, successfully halting their advance, though the exact timing of the conflict remains uncertain. The Bhitari inscription suggests it occurred later in Skandagupta's reign, while the Junagadh inscription highlights his victory over the invaders during his early years on the throne. According to Karl J. Schmidt's chronology, the Huns attacked the Gupta Empire's northwestern frontiers between 450s and 460s CE. Bakker's chronology places the second Hunnic invasion between 453 and 459 CE. Skandagupta's accession to power likely coincided with his confrontation with the Hunas, as evidenced by his appointment of regional governors. Sanskrit texts, inscriptions and folklore from later centuries also attribute victories over the invaders to Skandagupta, suggesting his pivotal role in repelling the Huna incursion.
These narratives indicates that Skandagupta, possibly with the support from his father Kumaragupta I, effectively defended the Gupta Empire's northwestern frontiers and territory against the multiple foreign powers, including the Hunas, Sasanians, and Kidarites (Kushanas), thereby preserving the empire's territorial integrity at present day India and Pakistan.
- ^ Schmidt, Karl J. (2015-05-20). An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-317-47681-8.
- ^ Bakker, Hans T. (2020-03-31). The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia. Barkhuis. p. 31. ISBN 978-94-93194-06-9.
- ^ R. C. Majumdar 1981, p. 73.
- ^ R N Dandekar (1941), p. [1]100.
- ^ Karl J. Schmidt (2015), p. [2]24.
- ^ S. R. Goyal, p. [3]277.
- ^ "The young son of Mahendrasena led his father's army of two hundred thousand men against the enemy whose soldiers numbered three hundred thousand. The prince however, broke the enemy army and won the battle. On his return his father crown him saying "henceforth rule the kingdom," and himself retired to religious life. For twelve years after this, the new king fought these foreign enemies, and ultimately captured and executed the three kings.' It has been suggested that this story gives an account of the fight between Skanda-Gupta and the Hūṇas (IHIJ. 36)." The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. G. Allen & Unwin. 1951. p. 27.
- ^ "The young son of Mahendrasena led his father's army of two hundred thousand men against the enemy whose soldiers numbered three hundred thousand. The prince however, broke the enemy army and won the battle. On his return his father crown him saying "henceforth rule the kingdom," and himself retired to religious life. For twelve years after this, the new king fought these foreign enemies, and ultimately captured and executed the three kings.' It has been suggested that this story gives an account of the fight between Skanda-Gupta and the Hūṇas (IHIJ. 36)." The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. G. Allen & Unwin. 1951. p. 27.
- ^ "The young son of Mahendrasena led his father's army of two hundred thousand men against the enemy whose soldiers numbered three hundred thousand. The prince however, broke the enemy army and won the battle. On his return his father crown him saying "henceforth rule the kingdom," and himself retired to religious life. For twelve years after this, the new king fought these foreign enemies, and ultimately captured and executed the three kings.' It has been suggested that this story gives an account of the fight between Skanda-Gupta and the Hūṇas (IHIJ. 36)." The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. G. Allen & Unwin. 1951. p. 27.
- ^ " A decisive battle along the river inflicted heavy losses and checked the advance of the "White Huns." " Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century. Miegunyiah Press. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-522-85336-0.
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