Drift waves

In plasma physics, a drift wave is a type of collective excitation that is driven by a pressure gradient within a magnetised plasma, which can be destabilised by differences between ion and electron motion (then known as drift-wave instability or drift instability). The drift wave typically propagates across the pressure gradient and is perpendicular to the magnetic field. It can occur in relatively simple configurations such as in a column of plasma with a non-uniform density but a straight magnetic field.^[1] Drift wave turbulence is responsible for the transport of particles, energy and momentum across magnetic field lines.^[2]

The characteristic frequency associated with drift waves involving electron flow^[3] is given by $${\displaystyle \omega ^{*}=k_{\perp }\left(-{\frac {k_{B}T_{e}}{eB_{0}}}\nabla n_{0}\right),}$$ where ${\displaystyle k_{\perp }}$ is the wavenumber perpendicular to the pressure gradient of the plasma, ${\displaystyle k_{B}}$ is the Boltzmann constant, ${\displaystyle T_{e}}$ is the electron temperature, ${\displaystyle e}$ is the elementary charge, ${\displaystyle B_{0}}$ is the background magnetic field and ${\displaystyle \nabla n_{0}}$ is the density gradient of the plasma.