Drive by wire

SpeedE, an academic concept car developed for studying drive-by-wire technologies[1]

Drive by wire or DbW technology in the automotive industry is the use of electronic or electro-mechanical systems in place of mechanical linkages that control driving functions. The concept is similar to fly-by-wire in the aviation industry.[2] Drive-by-wire may refer to just the propulsion of the vehicle through electronic throttle control,[3] or it may refer to electronic control over propulsion as well as steering and braking, which separately are known as steer by wire and brake by wire, along with electronic control over other vehicle driving functions.[4]

Driver input is traditionally transferred mechanically to the motor and wheels through a steering wheel and steering column, throttle, hydraulic brakes, brake pull handles and so on. In drive-by-wire systems, driver input is processed by an electronic control system which controls the vehicle using electromechanical actuators. The human–machine interface, such as a steering wheel, yoke, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, and so on, may include haptic feedback that simulates the resistance of hydraulic and mechanical pedals and steering, including steering kickback. Components such as the steering column, intermediate shafts, pumps, hoses, belts, coolers, vacuum servos and master cylinders are eliminated from the vehicle. Safety standards for drive-by-wire are specified by the ISO 26262 standard level D.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference SpeedEpapers was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Assembly2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Scheibert, Klaus; Kostarigka, Artemis; Dannebaum, Udo; Ambekar, Abhijit; Cai, Wenlin; Heidt, Laurent (2023). "Challenges with the Introduction of X-By-Wire Technologies to Passenger Vehicles and Light Trucks in regards to Functional Safety, Cybersecurity and Availability". SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 1. doi:10.4271/2023-01-0581. S2CID 258033364.
  4. ^ Pillai, Arjun V.; Manojkumar, B. (2022). "Overview of drive by wire technologies in automobiles". INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRENDS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021 (ICoTRiCE2021). AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2452. p. 030001. Bibcode:2022AIPC.2452c0001P. doi:10.1063/5.0113232. S2CID 253697706.