| Dwyka Group | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Late Carboniferous-Early Permian ~ | |
| Type | Geologic group |
| Sub-units | Mbizane, Elandsvlei & Tshidzi Formations |
| Underlies | Ecca Group |
| Overlies | Cape Supergroup, Natal Supergroup, Namaqua-Natal Province, Archean basement rocks |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Diamictite, tillite, claystone, mudstone |
| Other | Quartzite, sandstone shale |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 26°00′S 29°30′E / 26.0°S 29.5°E |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 76°12′S 52°12′W / 76.2°S 52.2°W |
| Region | Western, Northern Cape, Free State, North-West, Limpopo, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal |
| Country |  South Africa Namibia Botswana Zimbabwe |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Dwyka |
 A simplified geological map of the outcrops of Karoo Supergroup rocks in Southern Africa. The Dwyka Group deposits are represented by the red key on the map | |
The Dwyka Group is one of four geological groups that compose the Karoo Supergroup. It is the lowermost geological group and heralds the commencement of sedimentation of the Karoo Supergroup. Based on stratigraphic position, lithostratigraphic correlation and palynological analyses, these lowermost Karoo strata range between the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) to Early Permian in age.[1][2][3][4]
- ^ Visser, J.N.J. (1986). "Lateral lithofacies relationships in the glacigene Dwyka Formation in the western and central parts of the Karoo Basin". Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa. 89: 373–383.
- ^ Isbell, John L., Douglas I. Cole, and Octavian Catuneanu. "Carboniferous-Permian glaciation in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa: Stratigraphy, depositional controls, and glacial dynamics." In Resolving the Late Paleozoic ice age in time and space, vol. 441, pp. 71–82. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 2008. Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John_Isbell/publication/235926635_Carboniferous-Permian_glaciation_in_the_main_Karoo_Basin_South_Africa_Stratigraphy_depositional_controls_and_glacial_dynamics/links/00463514485423265a000000/Carboniferous-Permian-glaciation-in-the-main-Karoo-Basin-South-Africa-Stratigraphy-depositional-controls-and-glacial-dynamics.pdf
- ^ Smith, R.M.H., Eriksson, P.G., Botha, W.J. (1993-01-01). "A review of the stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of the Karoo-aged basins of Southern Africa". Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East). 16 (1–2): 143–169. Bibcode:1993JAfES..16..143S. doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90164-L. ISSN 0899-5362.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bamford, M. K. (2004-01-01). "Diversity of the Woody Vegetation of Gondwanan Southern Africa". Gondwana Research. 7 (1): 153–164. Bibcode:2004GondR...7..153B. doi:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70314-2. ISSN 1342-937X.