| Manufacturer | RKK Energia (bus) and TsNII Kometa (payload.)[1] |
|---|---|
| Country of origin | Russia[1] |
| Operator | Kosmicheskie Voyska Rossii (Cosmic Forces, Russia) |
| Applications | Early warning of missile attack |
| Specifications | |
| Bus | Possibly USP (Victoria)[1] |
| Power | Deployable solar arrays |
| Batteries | Yes |
| Equipment | Military early warning system and a reported secure emergency communications payload to be used in case of a nuclear war.[1] |
| Regime | Molniya |
| Production | |
| Status | Active |
| On order | 3 |
| Launched | 6 |
| Operational | 6 |
| Retired | 0 |
| Maiden launch | EKS 1 / Tundra-11L, 17 November 2015[2] |
| Last launch | EKS 6 / Tundra-16L, 25 November 2022 |
EKS (Russian: Единая космическая система, romanized: Edinaya Kosmicheskaya Sistema meaning Integrated Cosmos System [3]) Kupol (Russian: Купол meaning Dome[4]) is a developing[2] programme of Russian early warning satellites as a replacement for the US-KMO and US-K satellites of the Oko programme.[5]: 7 The satellites are designed to identify any possible future ballistic missile launches, from outer space, and complement early warning radars such as the Voronezh. This gives advance notice of a nuclear attack and would provide information to the A-135 missile defence system which protects Moscow, as well as other Russian missile defense and counterattack resources. Six satellites are planned to be initially orbited.[1] The first of these was launched on 17 November 2015[2] and as of November 2022[update], all six of them are in service.[6]
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