EP Aquarii

EP Aquarii

A visual band light curve for EP Aqaurii, plotted from data published by Tabur et al. (2009)[1]
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Aquarius
Right ascension 21h 46m 31.84949s[2]
Declination −02° 12′ 45.9285″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 6.37 - 6.82[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type M8 III[4]
Variable type SRb[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)+33.98[5] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: +25.547[2] mas/yr
Dec.: +20.433[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)7.7134 ± 0.4896 mas[2]
Distance420 ± 30 ly
(130 ± 8 pc)
Details
Mass1.7[4] M☉
Radius384[6] R☉
Luminosity4,800[4] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)−0.18[7] cgs
Temperature3,200[4] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]+0.50[7] dex
Other designations
BD−02°5631, FK5 3740, HD 207076, HIP 107516, SAO 145652[8]
Database references
SIMBADdata

EP Aquarii is a semiregular variable star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. At its peak brightness, visual magnitude 6.37,[3] it might be faintly visible to the unaided eye under ideal observing conditions. A cool red giant on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), its visible light brightness varies by about 1/2 magnitude over a period of 55 days.[4][3] EP Aquarii has a complex circumstellar envelope (CSE), which has been the subject of numerous studies.[4][9][10][5][11]

The study of EP Aquarii's extended CSE began in 1984, when a spectral line arising from a rotational transition of carbon monoxide (CO) was detected by Zuckerman and Dyck, using the NRAO 12m telescope.[12] In the early 1990s, analysis of the IRAS satellite data showed the presence of an extended dust shell surrounding the star, with a radius of about 1 lightyear.[13][14] In the late 1990s, high spectral-resolution observations at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) showed that EP Aquarii's CO line profiles had an unusual shape that suggested the presence of two distinct stellar winds, expanding at dramatically different velocities: 1.4 and 11 km/sec.[15][11] In the early 2000s, observations of the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen at the Nançay Radio Observatory confirmed the presence of a large circumstellar shell with multiple velocity components.[11]

The completion of Atacama Large Millimeter Array allowed EP Aquarii to be studied with far higher sensitivity and angular resolution than was available to earlier researchers. The very narrow emission feature (indicating an expansion rate of 1.4 km/sec) seen in the CSO spectra was found to arise from a spiral structure, nearly face-on to our line of sight, which suggested the presence of an unseen companion star.[5] The higher velocity wind arises from a bi-conical outflow, the pole of which is roughly aligned to our line of sight.

Which chemical compounds are found in the CSEs of AGB stars is largely determined by whether or not the stellar atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen.[16] EP Aquarii's atmosphere contains more oxygen than carbon.[10]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Tabur was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference GaiaDR3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference IVSI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference Homan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Homan2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference kervella2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference starhorse was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference SIMBAD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hoai was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference TuanAnh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference LeBertre was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Zuckerman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference YoungA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference YoungB was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference Knapp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Iben was invoked but never defined (see the help page).