ESAT-6

6 kDa early secretory antigenic target
Identifiers
SymbolesxA
NCBI gene886209
PDB3FAV
UniProtP0A564
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

ESAT-6 or early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa, is produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is a secretory protein and potent T cell antigen.[1] It is used in tuberculosis diagnosis by the whole blood interferon γ test QuantiFERON-TB Gold, in conjunction with CFP-10.

ESAT-6 has been shown to directly bind to the TLR2 receptor, inhibiting downstream signal transduction.[2] It has also been studied that the inactivation of ESAT-6 leads to decreased virulence of M. tuberculosis.[3] Secretion of the ESAT-6 protein is one of the main determining factors in the virulence of the M. tuberculosis.[3] ESAT-6 has more commonly become a marker for the TB diagnosis and treatment.[4] There is also the use of the ESAT increase the production of virulent factors that cause for the increase in pathogenicity of TB.[5]

ESAT-6 is one of the main proteins that is inhibited in the production of vaccines for M. tuberculosis[3][6] with the combination of the increased antigenic factors agβ5-A and the agβ5-C.[6] There are studies that are currently trying to connect the linkage between ESAT-6 and the epithelial cells that are in the lungs, which has shown the dependence on the induction of the IL-8 promoter.[7]

  1. ^ "Entrez gene".
  2. ^ Pathak SK, Basu S, Basu KK, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Bhattacharyya A, Kaisho T, Kundu M, Basu J (June 2007). "Direct extracellular interaction between the early secreted antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and TLR2 inhibits TLR signaling in macrophages". Nat. Immunol. 8 (6): 610–8. doi:10.1038/ni1468. PMID 17486091. S2CID 22486299.
  3. ^ a b c Sreejit, Gopalkrishna; Ahmed, Asma; Parveen, Nazia; Jha, Vishwanath; Valluri, Vijaya Lakshmi; Ghosh, Sudip; Mukhopadhyay, Sangita (2014-10-30). "The ESAT-6 Protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interacts with Beta-2-Microglobulin (β2M) Affecting Antigen Presentation Function of Macrophage". PLOS Pathogens. 10 (10): e1004446. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004446. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 4214792. PMID 25356553.
  4. ^ Gey van Pittius, Nico C.; Warren, Robin M.; van Helden, Paul D. (November 2002). "ESAT-6 and CFP-10: What Is the Diagnosis?". Infection and Immunity. 70 (11): 6509–6511. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.11.6509-6511.2002. ISSN 0019-9567. PMC 130415. PMID 12379740.
  5. ^ Yang, Shaojun; Li, Fake; Jia, Shuangrong; Zhang, Kejun; Jiang, Wenbing; Shang, Ya; Chang, Kai; Deng, Shaoli; Chen, Ming (2015). "Early Secreted Antigen ESAT-6 of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Promotes Apoptosis of Macrophages via Targeting the MicroRNA155-SOCS1 Interaction". Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 35 (4): 1276–1288. doi:10.1159/000373950. ISSN 1015-8987. PMID 25721573. S2CID 4933280.
  6. ^ a b Dietrich, Jes; Andersen, Claire; Rappuoli, Rino; Doherty, T. Mark; Jensen, Charlotte Green; Andersen, Peter (2006-11-01). "Mucosal Administration of Ag85B-ESAT-6 Protects against Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Boosts Prior Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunity". The Journal of Immunology. 177 (9): 6353–6360. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6353. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 17056566. S2CID 17983383.
  7. ^ Boggaram, Vijay; Gottipati, Koteswara R.; Wang, Xisheng; Samten, Buka (2013-08-30). "Early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression in lung epithelial cells via protein kinase signaling and reactive oxygen species". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (35): 25500–25511. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112.448217. ISSN 1083-351X. PMC 3757211. PMID 23867456.