EU three

For other uses, see EU3 (disambiguation).

The EU three, also known as EU big three, EU triumvirate, EU trio or simply E3, refers to France, Germany and Italy, a group that consists of the three large founding members of the European Union.[1][2][3]

It had also been used to refer to the grouping of France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, especially during the negotiations with Iran from 2003.[4][5][6]

  1. ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (16 June 2022). "Rhetoric and reality collide as France, Germany, Italy back Ukraine's EU bid". Politico. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  2. ^ "EU divided on answer to Brexit 'wake up call'". Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  3. ^ "Brexit: Germany, France, Italy vow no talks before Britain makes formal decision on EU - Brexit: UK EU Referendum - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  4. ^ Bretherton, Charlotte; John Vogler (2006). The European Union as a Global Actor. Routledge. p. 174. ISBN 9780415282451.
  5. ^ Jovanovic, Miroslav (11 September 2002). European Economic Integration: Limits and Prospects. Routledge. ISBN 9781134866571. Retrieved 17 June 2017 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ Capet, A. (10 October 2006). Britain, France and the Entente Cordiale Since 1904. Springer. ISBN 9780230207004. Retrieved 17 June 2017 – via Google Books.