Eagle Woman | |
|---|---|
Waŋblí Ayútepiwiŋ | |
 | |
| Born | Eagle Woman That All Look At c. 1820 Two Kettles lodge near the Missouri River |
| Died | December 18, 1888 Cannonball Ranch |
| Other names | Matilda Galpin |
| Known for | Peacekeeping, first woman recognized as a chief of the Sioux, first woman to sign a treaty with the U.S. |
| Spouse(s) | Honoré Picotte, Charles Galpin |
| Parent(s) | Two Lance, Rosy Light of Dawn |
Eagle Woman That All Look At (Lakota: Waŋblí Ayútepiwiŋ,[1][a] [wə̃bli ajutepiwɪ̃] also known as Matilda Picotte Galpin; c. 1820 – December 18, 1888) was a Lakota activist, diplomat, trader, and translator, who was known for her efforts mediating the conflicts between white settlers, the United States government, and the Sioux. She is credited with being the only woman recognized as a chief among the Sioux.[3][4]
Eagle Woman's early diplomacy was for peace, while her efforts after the relocations to reservations focused on convincing the Sioux to adapt to the new era and compromise. She materially supported the Sioux when the U.S. government forced tribes to sustain themselves on barren reservation lands. She was in part responsible for the party of leaders sent to sign the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868, though she opposed the Standing Rock treaty of 1876, and became the first woman to sign a treaty with the United States government in 1882.
She won a local trade war, when government official attempted to shut down her trading post to establish a monopoly on the reservation, and continued to serve as a mediator and community leader throughout white encroachment on native lands during the Black Hills Gold Rush, including being selected by the U.S. government as part of a delegation to Washington, D.C. in 1872.
Eagle Woman and her daughter Louise organized the first day school at Standing Rock Indian Reservation. She continued aiding the tribes in adjusting to reservation life until her death in 1888. In 2010, she was inducted into the South Dakota Hall of Fame.
- ^ Waggoner, Josephine (November 1, 2013). Witness: A Hunkpapha Historian's Strong-Heart Song of the Lakotas. University of Nebraska Press. p. 419. ISBN 978-0-8032-4564-8 – via Google Books.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
britwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Gray, John S. (Spring 1986). "The Story of Mrs. Picotte-Galpin, a Sioux Heroine Eagle Woman Learns about White Ways and Racial Conflict, 1820–1868" (PDF). Montana: The Magazine of Western History. 36 (2): 2–21. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
- ^ Brave Bull Allard, Ladonna. "Eagle Woman". american-tribes.com. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
Matilda Picotte Galpin, also known as Eagle Woman, was the only female Sioux chief.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).